Pace Hospitals | Best Hospitals in Hyderabad, Telangana, India
PARKINSON's DISEASE TREATMENT

Best Parkinson's Disease Treatment​ Hospital in Hyderabad, India

PACE Hospitals is recognized as the best hospital for Parkinson’s disease treatment in Hyderabad, Telangana, India, offering a patient-centric approach to neurological care. Our specialized treatment plans include advanced medication management, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery, physiotherapy & rehabilitation, and lifestyle & dietary guidance—all aimed at improving long-term patient outcomes and quality of life.


Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, speech, and daily activities. At PACE Hospitals, Hyderabad, we provide top-quality Parkinson’s disease treatment with a multidisciplinary team of expert neurologists, cutting-edge therapies, and state-of-the-art facilities. Our holistic approach ensures that patients experiencing tremors, stiffness, or mobility issues receive the best possible care for managing symptoms and improving daily function.

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Best Parkinson's Disease Treatment in Hyderabad, India

State-of-the-art Facilities, Advanced Parkinson's Disease Treatment

Parkinson's Disease Treatment in Hyderabad with Best Neurologists & Neurosurgeons

Best Neurologists & Neurosurgeons in Hyderabad, India

Treatment for Parkinson's Disease patients in Hyderabad with the best success rate

Advanced Treatment Options including DBS surgery

Affordable Parkinson's Disease Treatment in Hyderabad

Affordable & Reliable Parkinson’s Treatment, Rehabilitation Programs

Parkinson's Disease diagnosis in Hyderabad India

Parkinson’s disease diagnosis

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive brain condition affecting movement control. Accurate diagnosis of the disorder and treatment are essential for managing the illness and improving quality of life. The diagnostic evaluation of Parkinson’s disease is primarily based on an assessment of a patient's medical history and a thorough physical examination. Key factors considered in the diagnosis include: 


  • Symptoms
  • Detailed medical history
  • Physical examination of Parkinson’s disease
  • Family history


Symptoms: A neurologist will assess for characteristic symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as early signs, including changes in sleep behaviour (rapid eye movement), digestive issues (constipation), loss of smell (hyposmia), and low blood pressure upon standing (orthostatic hypotension), tremors, stiffness, slow movement, and balance problems.

 

Detailed medical history: The neurologist would ask about the onset and progression of symptoms, including any tremors, stiffness, or balance issues and perform a comprehensive review of symptoms and inquire about any changes in motor functions, cognitive abilities, and daily activities. Additionally, they would ask about the history of Parkinson's disease or other neurological conditions and review the past and current medications and overall health status.


Physical examination of Parkinson’s disease: During a physical exam, the neurologist would assess the patient's motor functions, including gait, balance, and coordination. They would check for tremors, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). The neurologist would also evaluate reflexes, posture, and any signs of autonomic dysfunction, such as changes in blood pressure or sweating. This helps to gauge the extent of Parkinson's symptoms and guide treatment decisions.


Family history: Neurologists might ask patients about the family history or other neurological conditions. A strong family history of Parkinson's, especially in close relatives, can increase the likelihood of a diagnosis. This includes cases where a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child.) has been diagnosed or if a known Parkinson's disease gene mutation is present in the family.

Confirming Parkinson's Disease


  • After identifying the characteristic symptoms of Parkinson's disease through medical history and physical examination, the next step involves ruling out other similar conditions. 
  • This is done by carefully assessing the conditions that might mimic Parkinson's disease or by symptoms that suggest a different diagnosis, often referred to as atypical parkinsonism.
  • To further confirm Parkinson's disease, neurologists evaluate how the patient responds to treatment with levodopa or other medications that increase dopamine levels in the brain. A positive response to these medications is typically a strong indicator of Parkinson's disease.

Blood test for Parkinson’s disease


Currently, there are no standard blood tests for diagnosing Parkinson's disease. However, neurologists prefer the following tests:

  • Alpha-synuclein levels in exosome 
  • Mitochondrial DNA damage



Alpha-synuclein: This test analyses the concentration of alpha-synuclein, a protein that builds up in clumps and damages brain cells, in exosomes from neurons and oligodendrocytes.

Mito DNADX blood test: This test detects damage to the mitochondria; a part of the brain's nerve cells. It is effective at detecting both in people with genetic forms and those without known genetic causes. However, it's not yet a definitive test because mtDNA damage is also found in other diseases.


These tests are not yet conclusive and often require additional diagnostic methods.

✅Parkinson's disease diagnosis test

Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease involves various tests to assess motor and non-motor symptoms. The following are the diagnostic tests of Parkinson’s disease 

  • Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT SPECT)
  • MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)
  • Other imaging techniques
  • Iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy:


Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT SPECT)

This brain scan helps neurologists diagnose Parkinson's disease by detecting any damage to brain cells involved in movement.


It involves injecting a substance into the person's body, where it travels to the brain and shows the functioning of the brain cells (how well brain cells work), which is very accurate at finding impairment in the brain cells.

 

It is beneficial when neurologists are uncertain whether a person has Parkinson's disease or a similar condition. However, it cannot determine the exact type of Parkinson's disease.


Moreover, these scans are unable to distinguish between Parkinson's disease and other Parkinsonian syndromes, such as multiple system atrophy (Multiple System Atrophy is a rare neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive damage to various parts of the nervous system) and progressive supranuclear palsy (It is a rare, progressive brain disorder that causes problems with balance, eye movements, and thinking.), which also involve dysfunction of the dopamine transporter.


MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)

MRI scans typically do not play a significant role in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. However, they can help rule out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms and have the following benefits, including:

  • Differentiating Parkinson's from other conditions: Specific MRI findings, including magnetic resonance parkinsonism index, can help distinguish Parkinson's disease from other similar conditions, such as progressive supranuclear palsy.
  • Revealing other medical conditions: MRI can also reveal signs of other health issues, such as stroke or blood vessel problems, that might contribute to movement problems.

While MRI is valuable in some instances, it cannot definitively confirm a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.


Other imaging techniques

Iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy

This test is used rarely to evaluate nerve damage associated with Parkinson's disease.

✅Parkinson’s disease stages

The most referenced staging system is the Hoehn and Yahr scale stages of Parkinson’s disease, which divides the progression of Parkinson’s disease into five stages:

  • Stage 1: Early stage of Parkinson’s disease symptoms, such as tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement, are present and will be seen on only one side of the body.
  • Stage 2: Symptoms affect both sides of the body, but balance remains unaffected.
  • Stage 3: Difficulty with balance and a gradual worsening of the condition.
  • Stage 4: Significant disability, although the individual can still walk or stand without assistance.
  • Stage 5: The end stage of Parkinson’s disease requires a wheelchair, or the patient is confined to bed unless aided by others.

✅Differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

Differential diagnosis is crucial for accurately diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD), as several other conditions can present with similar symptoms. Here’s an overview of critical disorders that can mimic Parkinson’s disease and how they differ:


Essential tremor

  • The essential tremor typically appears on both sides of the body. It is usually observed during actions like writing, eating, or maintaining a posture, such as holding an object against gravity. 
  • On the opposite side, the parkinsonian tremor usually starts on one side of the body and later affect both sides. The tremor associated with Parkinson's disease commonly occurs when the body is at rest or not in use.


Huntington chorea

  • Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease can sometimes be confused, especially in the Westphal variant of Huntington's. Both conditions can cause stiffness and slow movements. 
  • However, Huntington's typically starts later in life, while the Westphal variant can begin much earlier. Additionally, people with the Westphal variant often experience cognitive and behavioural problems, which are less common in Parkinson's. A faulty gene causes Huntington's, whereas Parkinson's has more complex genetics


Dementia with Lewy bodies

  • Parkinson's disease is a slowly advancing motor disorder that impacts the neurons that generate dopamine, which is responsible for controlling body movements. 
  • In contrast, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a condition characterized by a progressive deterioration in cognitive functions. 
  • Due to the shared symptoms of muscle stiffness and reduced mobility, individuals may sometimes confuse the symptoms of DLB with those of Parkinson's.


Progressive supranuclear palsy

  • Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a condition where individuals experience a gradual onset of Parkinson's disease symptoms, accompanied by early falls due to postural instability, difficulty in controlling eye movements, speech and swallowing problems, neck muscle contractions, upper body stiffness, and mild cognitive impairment.



Normal pressure hydrocephalus

  • NPH and Parkinson's disease can sometimes have similar symptoms, especially when it comes to starting movements and feeling frozen. However, NPH is different from Parkinson's. People with NPH often don't have as much stiffness or shaking as those with Parkinson's.

✅Treatment considerations of a neurologist before selecting appropriate treatment

The neurologist considers some elements before selecting the appropriate treatment plan for Parkinson's disease: 

  • Assessing how symptoms impact a patient's daily life in order to modify their treatment.
  • Confirming the Parkinson's diagnosis and ruling out similar conditions.
  • Evaluating the stage of Parkinson's disease and specific symptoms.
  • Reviewing current medications for interactions and possible adjustments.
  • Considering overall health and other medical conditions.

✅Treatment goals for Parkinson's disease

The treatment goals guide a neurologist in clinical decisions and aid in measuring progress, ensuring the interventions are effective and align with the patient's overall health objectives.

Currently, there is no known cure for Parkinson's disease (PD), and there are no treatments available to halt its progression. In this scenario, a neurologist aims to address the following treatment goals:


  • To reduce or manage the symptoms
  • Minimize the side effects of medication
  • Enhance the quality of life for as long as possible
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Parkinson’s disease treatment

Parkinson’s disease treatment often begins with medications designed to increase dopamine levels in the brain and manage symptoms effectively. Treatment options include:


Conservative treatments

  • Medical therapy (Drugs for Parkinson's Disease)
  • Dopaminergic agents
  • Dopamine agonists
  • COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) inhibitors
  • MAO-B (monoamine oxidase B) inhibitors
  • Antiviral agent (Amantadine)
  • Anticholinergic medications
  • Other therapies (Alternative Treatment for Parkinson's Disease)
  • Physiotherapy
  • Speech and language therapy
  • Healthy diet
  • Exercise


Surgical Management for Parkinson's Disease

  • DBS (Deep brain stimulation) surgery 
  • Lesion surgery includes Pallidotomy and Thalamotomy.

Conservative treatments of Parkinson’s disease

Medical therapy (Drugs for Parkinson's Disease)

The primary drug treatments for Parkinson's disease work by boosting dopamine levels in the brain, thereby alleviating the symptoms:

  • Dopaminergic agents: The initial treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa, a medication that helps the brain produce more dopamine. Since dopamine can't easily cross the blood-brain barrier (a protective lining of cells in the brain inside blood vessels), it's usually taken in combination with carbidopa, which helps prevent side effects. 
  • This combination can effectively reduce tremors and other movement problems in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. While levodopa can manage symptoms and improve the quality of life, it neither cures the disease nor prevent its progression. 


Other medications used for treating motor symptoms include:

  • Dopamine agonists: These dopamine agonists mimic the role of dopamine in the brain, and they can be given alone or with levodopa. They are less effective than levodopa in treating PD symptoms but work for more extended periods.
  • Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors: MAO-B inhibitors are a group of medications used to manage the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). These drugs work by inhibiting or decreasing the function of the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), which breaks down dopamine in the brain. By causing dopamine to build up in the remaining nerve cells, MAO-B inhibitors help alleviate the symptoms of PD.
  • COMT inhibitors: COMT stands for catechol-O-methyltransferase, which is an enzyme that breaks down dopamine. Medications that inhibit COMT can extend the effectiveness of levodopa by preventing the breakdown of dopamine; these medications can also reduce the duration of "off periods"(periods of time when symptoms return or worsen) despite taking levodopa. 
  • Anticholinergics: Anticholinergics are a class of medications used to manage Parkinson's disease, particularly tremors. They work by balancing the levels of two neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and dopamine, in a specific brain region. This helps to reduce the involuntary shaking associated with Parkinson's. 
  • While anticholinergics were initially the primary pharmaceutical treatment for PD, they are not as effective as other therapies, such as dopaminergic agents and dopamine agonists, in decreasing the motor symptoms of the disease. 
  • Antiviral drug (Amantadine): Amantadine is a medicine used to treat some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), including tremors and dyskinesias, which are uncontrollable and abnormal movements. 
  • The specific mechanism of action of amantadine in individuals with PD is not yet fully understood; however, healthcare professionals believe that it may enhance dopamine levels in certain areas of the brain, which may contribute to its effectiveness in reducing dyskinesias.


Other therapies (Alternative Treatment for Parkinson's Disease)

Alternative therapies for Parkinson’s disease also help with symptom management and improve overall well-being. They are used along with medications and surgical treatments to provide comprehensive, care including:


Physiotherapy for Parkinson’s disease

  • The goals of Parkinson’s disease physiotherapy are to improve muscle and ligament flexibility, maintain and increase joint motion, and address slowness and rigidity in the body. 
  • Additionally, the aim is to enhance muscle strength and balance and to reduce the risk of falling. 
  • Another objective is to address posture issues, prevent muscle atrophy (Weakening or shrinking of muscle tissue), minimize limb and body rigidity and deformity while and reduce secondary complications like depression, dementia, urinary and bowel problems and osteoporosis.
  • Improving cardiopulmonary function, gait, walking speed, and transfer ability are also essential goals of Parkinson's disease physiotherapy. 
  • Lastly, the goal is to improve orofacial muscle function and minimize issues with swallowing and communication. 


Speech and language therapy

  • Speech therapy goals for Parkinson’s disease are to enhance communication, improve slowed movement and maintain quality of life.
  • Speech and language therapy improves speech clarity, loudness, and expressiveness to make communication more effective.
  • It reduces the chance of aspiration (inhalation of foreign substances or fluids into the airways or lungs) and improves the safety and efficiency of swallowing.
  • Support patients in maintaining their social interactions and engagement in daily activities despite communication and swallowing challenges.

 

Healthy diet

Consuming a regular, balanced diet can improve the overall health of individuals with PD. A diet high in fibre and adequate fluid intake can help alleviate constipation. However, it's important to note that a diet rich in protein may inhibit the absorption of levodopa.


Exercises for Parkinson’s disease

Additionally, for individuals with Parkinson’s disease, physical exercise can assist in enhancing their mobility, flexibility, and body strength while also improving their general well-being. Before initiating a new exercise regimen, individuals with PD should always consult their physicians.

Surgical management of Parkinson’s disease

Surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease is considered when medication fails to control severe motor symptoms and significantly impacts the quality of life. Before the introduction of levodopa, surgery was a possible treatment for Parkinson's disease. Research in recent years has resulted in essential advancements in surgical methods such as:


DBS Parkinson’s disease (Deep brain stimulation)

DBS surgery for Parkinson’s disease involves a reversible surgical technique where a specific brain area is continuously stimulated with electrical impulses from a battery implanted and controlled externally. 

  • This procedure is suitable for Parkinson’s disease patients who experience motor fluctuations or tremors that do not improve with medication, as well as for those who suffer from medication side effects. 
  • The rates of complications can vary significantly, with infection being the most reported adverse effect. 
  • Deep brain stimulation may take three to six months to yield optimal results, but it can lead to lasting reductions in tremors and dyskinesias for five years or more. 


Lesion surgery includes:  Pallidotomy and Thalamotomy

Thalamotomy and pallidotomy are surgical treatments for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Both procedures involve creating a small, targeted lesion in the brain to disrupt abnormal brain signals, causing tremors or involuntary movements. 


Pallidotomy for Parkinson’s disease

  • Pallidotomy is a surgical procedure involving the targeted destruction of a specific region in the brain called the globus pallidus.
  • This area is believed to play a role in controlling movement. By altering this region, the surgery aims to reduce symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and slow movement often associated with conditions like Parkinson's disease. 
  • Additionally, pallidotomy can improve balance and walking, decreasing the need for certain medications and helping manage medication-related side effects.


Thalamotomy for Parkinson’s disease

  • In the brain, the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (or Vim) provides sensory information related to movement. 
  • A thalamotomy procedure involves creating a lesion in the Vim areas, which can help with tremor symptoms due to Parkinson’s disease or essential tremor, among other disorders.

After surgery

Based on the patients swallowing ability oral medications are administered. If they can't take medication by mouth because of vomiting or other issues, other ways of medication are used.


It is important to keep eye on patients’ mental status such as a sudden confusion after the surgery.

✅Parkinson's Disease Progression

  • Life Expectancy of someone with Parkinson's disease (PD) generally doesn't shorten a person's overall lifespan. 
  • While it's a progressive condition, which means symptoms worsen over time, many people with PD live entire and active lives for years.
  • The impact of Parkinson's disease on daily activities can be devastating despite the fact that it generally doesn't shorten a person's lifespan.
  • Various treatment options are available to manage PD symptoms and improve quality of life. 
  • However, in advanced stages, medications may become less effective, and complications like difficulty swallowing, pneumonia, or falls can arise.
  • It's important to note that PD progresses differently for everyone. There's no way to predict how the disease will affect individuals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Parkinson's Disease

  • What causes Parkinson's Disease?

    The cause of Parkinson's disease is unknown, but experts believe it's a combination of genetic and environmental factors that leads to the death of dopamine-producing nerve cells. 

  • Is Parkinson’s disease fatal?

    Parkinson's disease is not fatal, but the condition can weaken the body and increase susceptibility to severe infections. However, advancements in treatment have led to a normal life probability for most individuals with Parkinson's disease.

  • Who is at risk for Parkinson’s disease?

    Parkinson's disease mainly affects older people, but it can also occur to younger ones too. Men are more likely to get it than women. While the exact cause is unknown, family history and exposure to pollution, pesticides, or chemicals might increase the risk.

  • Can someone with Parkinson’s live alone?

    Yes, many individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) live alone and manage well. But there can be difficulties with living alone. Including loneliness and difficulty performing daily tasks. To manage these, stay connected to family or friends, set medication reminders, and use technology to ensure safety. 


  • What lifestyle changes can help manage Parkinson's symptoms?

    Yes, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, which helps manage mobility symptoms, a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, staying hydrated, and reducing stress can manage Parkinson's symptoms.

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson's disease or PD is a neurological condition that affects the brain, leading to difficulties with movement, mental well-being, sleep, pain, and other bodily functions. 

Is Parkinson's Disease Genetic?

Parkinson's disease can be genetic, with specific gene mutations like SNCA, PRKN, and PINK1. While most cases aren't inherited, having a family history can increase the risk, especially in familial Parkinson's. 

What part of the brain is most affected by Parkinson's disease?

The substantia nigra is the primary area of the brain affected by Parkinson's disease. This region is crucial for producing dopamine, a neurotransmitter vital for smooth movement.

Is it safe driving with Parkinson’s disease?

Yes, many people with Parkinson's disease can continue driving safely. However, the impact of Parkinson's disease on motor control, reaction times, and cognitive function may affect one’s ability to drive. It's essential to regularly evaluate driving skills.

Does Parkinson's disease affect memory? 

Yes, Parkinson's can affect memory by alpha-synuclein protein essential to Parkinson's disease, which can cause dementia by forming sticky clumps known as Lewy bodies that impair regular brain activity.

What role does diet play in managing Parkinson's disease?

A healthy diet which is high in nutrients and antioxidants can manage symptoms like constipation in Parkinson's disease, slowing the disease progression and enhancing the general health.

Are there specific exercises recommended for people with Parkinson's?

Yes, specific exercises are recommended for people with PD to manage symptoms. Some beneficial exercises include aerobic activity strength training, flexibility, balance and multitasking.

Parkinson’s Disease | parkinson's disease treatment in India | what is parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s Disease - Types, Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Treatment and Prevention

By Pace Hospitals • September 5, 2024
Parkinson’s Disease is a degenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to tremors, rigidity, and movement difficulties. Dive into its types, causes, symptoms, risk factors, and comprehensive treatment options.
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