Pace Hospitals | Best Hospitals in Hyderabad, Telangana, India
UTERINE & ENDOMETRIAL CANCER TREATMENT

Best Uterine & Endometrial Cancer Treatment in Hyderabad, India

PACE Hospitals is recognized as the best hospital for uterine & endometrial cancer treatment in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Equipped with world-class oncology infrastructure, cutting-edge robotic-assisted surgeries, and a holistic cancer care approach, we provide comprehensive and advanced treatment solutions. Our multidisciplinary team of expert oncologists ensures that every patient receives personalized, high-quality care, leading to the best possible treatment outcomes.


At PACE Hospitals, we offer a comprehensive range of uterine cancer treatment options tailored to each patient's needs. Surgical interventions, such as hysterectomy and lymph node dissection. Radiation therapy is employed to target and destroy cancer cells effectively, while chemotherapy utilizes advanced drug regimens to treat aggressive cancer types. For hormone-sensitive cancers, hormone therapy helps block cancer growth by regulating hormone levels. Additionally, targeted therapy provides innovative, precision-based treatments that focus on specific cancer cells, minimizing side effects and enhancing treatment efficacy.

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Best Uterine & Endometrial Cancer Treatment in Hyderabad, India

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Affordable Uterine & Endometrial Cancer Treatment in Hyderabad Telangana India

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Uterine & Endometrial Cancer​ diagnosis in Hyderabad, India

Uterine cancer​ diagnosis

Evaluation of uterine cancer requires an understanding of the indications for biopsy, different sampling techniques, and the role of imaging studies in staging and assessing metastases. The Initial diagnosis includes transvaginal ultrasound which is followed by biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging studies may be conducted for the evaluation of metastases. History and physical examination are important in the initial assessment of women suspected of having uterine cancer based on clinical history (symptoms, risk factors, and family history of uterine cancer). Gynecologists gather the complete medical history and family history of the patient as an initial approach to evaluate uterine cancer. The gynecologists consider the following before selecting the appropriate tests to diagnose uterine cancer:   


Initial evaluation

  • Medical history 
  • Physical examination


Medical history of the patient:   The complete medical history of the patient is collected, and the patient is asked if she is presenting any symptoms such as pelvic pain, unusual vaginal discharge, etc. 


Physical examination of the patient:   The gynecologic oncologist may check for the presence of any abdominal swelling. To examine the uterus, doctors may place two fingers inside the vagina while pressing the abdomen. They may use an instrument called a speculum to separate the walls of the vagina. 


Diagnostic tests

Based on the above information, a gynecologic oncologist advises diagnostic tests to detect uterine cancer. The following are the tests that might be recommended to diagnose uterine cancer:


  • Laboratory examination 
  • Complete blood count
  • Genomic testing 


  • Imaging studies 
  • Pelvic ultrasound
  • Abdominal ultrasound
  • Transvaginal ultrasound


  • Biopsy techniques
  • Endometrial biopsy
  • Dilation and curettage 
  • Hysteroscopy and biopsy


Laboratory examinations or Blood tests for uterine cancer


  • Complete blood count (CBC): Uterine cancer may present with symptoms of excessive vaginal bleeding. Excessive bleeding may result in anemia which can be detected by performing a complete blood picture. 


  • Genomic testing: This test can provide important information regarding how quickly cancer grows and which treatment (such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy drugs) is likely to help treat the cancer.


  • CA 125 blood test: In this test the level of CA 125 in the blood is measured. CA 125 is a substance that is released by cells into the bloodstream. An increased CA 125 level is a sign of cancer. Many but not all endometrial and ovarian cancers release a substance called CA 125 into the bloodstream. In patients with endometrial cancers, very high levels of CA 125 indicate that cancer has likely spread beyond the uterus. Physicians usually check the levels of CA 125 before surgery. 


Imaging studies


  • Pelvic ultrasound: It is performed by placing a transducer over the lower part of the belly to get clear pictures of the uterus, ovary, and fallopian tubes, For optimal imaging, the belly has to be full. The patient needs to drink lots of water or other fluids before the procedure. 


  • Abdominal ultrasound: A transducer is placed over the abdomen. In order to get clear and detailed images, the patient is advised to drink water before the test is performed and to keep the stomach full. 


  • Transvaginal ultrasound: This procedure is used to examine the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and the bladder. A probe, which is an ultrasound transducer, is inserted into the vagina. High energy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues and echoes are produced. These echoes form a picture of internal tissues called a sonogram. The doctors can identify tumor by analyzing the sonogram. 


Biopsy techniques


  • Endometrial biopsy: In this procedure, a thin, flexible tube is inserted into the uterus via the cervix, and through suction, endometrial tissue is removed. The tube gently scrapes a small amount of endometrial tissue and then removes tissue samples, which are examined under a microscope. 


  • Dilation and curettage: This procedure is also called D and C, and it is performed to extract or remove tissue samples from the inner lining of the uterus. The cervix is dilated, and an instrument (spoon-shaped) called a curette is inserted into the uterus to remove tissue samples. 


  • Hysteroscopy: A hysteroscope is inserted into the uterus through the vagina to look for abnormal areas. A hysteroscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a lens for viewing, and it has a tool to extract tissue samples from the uterus that are then examined under a microscope. 


Tests to find out the spread of cancer within the uterus or other parts of the body


  • Chest X-ray: An X-ray is a type of energy that can go through the body and take pictures of areas inside the body. It is performed to see if cancer has spread to the chest regions.


  • Computed Tomography (CT SCAN): In this procedure a group of detailed images of areas inside the body can be taken from different angles. CT scans do not diagnose endometrial cancer directly, but they can help to see whether cancer has spread to other parts of the body. 


  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This procedure produces a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body using magnets, radio waves, and a computer. The radio waves energy is absorbed and then released in a pattern that is translated by a computer into a very detailed image of the inside of the body.


  • Positron emission tomography (PET): It is a procedure to find cancerous cells in the body. A small amount of radioactive glucose is administered into a vein. The PET (positron emission tomography) scanner rotates around the body and captures images where glucose is utilized in the body. Cancer cells appear brighter in the picture, as they are hyperactive and utilize more glucose than normal cells do.


  • Lymph node dissection: This is also called lymphadenectomy. It is a surgical procedure in which the lymph nodes are removed from the pelvic area, and the sample tissue is examined under a microscope. 

✅Uterine cancer stages

The stage of cancer is the most important factor in deciding the treatment plan of cancer and determining how successful the treatment will be. The cancer stage shows the amount and spread of cancer in the body and also determines how serious the cancer is. Uterine cancer is staged from stage I to stage IV, the lower the stage, the less the cancer has spread. Stage IV which is the higher stage determines that cancer has spread to other parts of the body.


The FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) system and the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system are the commonly used systems for staging uterine cancer. 


Uterine cancer is staged based on three factors which are described below:

  • The extent (size) of the tumor (T)
  • Spread of cancer to nearby or surrounding lymph nodes (N)
  • Spread of cancer (metastasis) to distant sites (M)


The numbers or letters after T, N, and M describe more details about each of these factors. The higher the numbers, the more advanced the cancer.

Stage Stage grouping FIGO stage Stage description
I T1 – N0 – M0 I T1 indicates that the cancer is growing inside the uterus, it may spread to the cervix but not into the connective tissue of the cervix. NO indicates that it has not spread to lymph nodes. MO indicates that it has not spread to distant sites.
IA T1a – N0 – M0 IA T1a indicates that cancer is growing in the endometrium and may have grown less than halfway through the myometrium. It has not spread to lymph nodes and distant sites.
IB T1b – N0 – M0 IB Cancer has grown from the endometrium (lining of the uterus) into the myometrium (muscle layer of the uterus), it has spread more than halfway through the myometrium but has not beyond the uterus (T1b). It has not spread to lymph nodes (N0) nor to distant sites (M0).
II T2 – N0 – M0 II T2 indicates that cancer has spread from the uterus and is growing into the cervical stroma (supporting connective tissue of the cervix) and it has not spread outside the uterus (T2). It has not spread to lymph nodes (N0) nor to distant sites (M0).
III T3 – N0 – M0 III T3 indicates that cancer has spread outside the uterus, but it has not spread to the rectal inner lining or the urinary bladder. It has not spread to the nearby lymph nodes (N0) or to the distant sites (M0).
IIIA T3a – N0 – M0 IIIA T3a indicates that cancer has spread to the serosa (outer surface of the uterus) or the fallopian tubes or ovaries. It has not spread to the lymph nodes (N0) or to distant sites (M0).
IIIB T3b – N0 – M0 IIIB T3b indicates that cancer has spread to the vagina or to the parametrium (tissues around the uterus). It has not spread to lymph nodes (N0) or to the distant sites (M0).
IIIC1 T1 to T3 – N1 – N1mi or N1a – M0 IIIC1 Cancer grows in the uterus. It may spread to some nearby tissues but is not growing inside the bladder or rectum (T1 to T3). It has spread to lymph nodes of the pelvic region (N1, N1mi, or N1a), but not to lymph nodes around distant sites (M0).
IIIC2 T1 to T3 - N2, N2mi or N2a - M0 IIIC2 Cancer grows in the uterus, and it may spread to some nearby tissues but is not growing inside the bladder or rectum (T1 to T3). It has spread to para-aortic lymph nodes (N2, N2mi, or N2a), but not to the distant sites (M0).
IVA T4 - Any N - M0 IVA T4 indicates that cancer has spread to the rectal inner lining or urinary bladder. It may or may not spread to the nearby lymph nodes (Any N), but it has not spread to distant sites (M0).
IVB Any T - Any N - M1 IVB In this stage, cancer has spread to inguinal or groin lymph nodes, the upper abdomen, the omentum, or the organs like lungs, liver, or bones (M1). The cancer can be of any size (Any T), and it might or might not have spread to other lymph nodes (Any N).

✅Uterine cancer differential diagnosis 

  • Differential diagnosis in the evaluation of uterine cancer range from benign localized lesions to systemic diseases and malignancies. 
  • The FIGO ((International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) classification can be used to guide the evaluation of polyps (abnormal tissue growth), adenomyosis (lining of the uterus grows into muscular tissue), leiomyoma (uterine fibroids), malignancy, coagulopathy (bleeding disorder), ovulatory dysfunction, primary endometrial disorders. 
  • In premenopausal women, the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding includes intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic diseases. Abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal and postmenopausal women is caused by exogenous hormone stimulation. 
  • Ovulatory dysfunction occurs due to systemic and endocrinologic causes such as anorexia, obesity, and polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD).
  • The differential diagnosis of physically detected pelvic masses includes metastatic cancer, hydrosalpinx (a condition where the fallopian tubes get blocked due to fluid accumulation), fallopian tube tumors, ovarian and broad ligament cysts and tumors, leiomyomas (uterine fibroids), postsurgical pelvic adhesions, retroperitoneal kidneys, dermoid tumors, tumorous nodes, primary colorectal and gastrointestinal cancers, and urological masses.

✅Uterine cancer treatment goals

The treatment goals of uterine cancer are as follows:


  • The primary aim of uterine cancer treatment is to remove the tumor
  • To prevent the recurrence of the tumor
  • To relieve symptoms
  • To improve the quality of life of the patient
  • To prevent further progression and the spread of the tumor to other parts of the body.
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Top Uterine & Endometrial Cancer Treatment in Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Uterine cancer treatment

Treatment of uterine cancer depends on the type of cancer and how far it has spread. The treatment approach is the same for both the types of uterine cancer. There are different types of treatment available for both endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma. Currently used treatments are standard, and some treatments are being tested for clinical trials. Five types of standard treatments are routinely used, and they are as follows: 


Surgery: Surgical procedure of removal of cancer is the most common treatment for endometrial cancer. The following surgical procedures are used to treat endometrial cancer:


  • Total hysterectomy: In this surgical procedure the uterus is removed along with the cervix. When uterus and cervix are removed through the vagina, the procedure is called vaginal hysterectomy. If uterus and cervix are removed by making a large incision in the abdomen, the procedure is known as total abdominal hysterectomy. Laparoscopic removal of uterus and cervix by making a small incision in the abdomen is called a total laparoscopic hysterectomy. 
  • Bilateral salpingo oophorectomy: It is a surgical procedure to remove both ovaries and both fallopian tubules. 
  • Radical hysterectomy: It is a surgical procedure in which the uterus, cervix and a part of the vagina is removed. The ovaries, fallopian tubes or nearby lymph nodes are removed in some cases. 
  • Lymph node dissection: It is a surgical procedure of removal of lymph nodes from pelvic area. 


After the removal of all cancer cells through uterine cancer surgery, some patients may be treated with radiotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. This treatment, provided to lower the risk of recurrence of cancer is called adjuvant therapy and is considered an alternate therapy for uterine cancer. 


Radiation therapy: In this therapy the cancer cells are killed or prevented from further growth and spread by using high energy X rays or other types of radiation. This radiation therapy depends on the type and stage of the cancer. It is used as palliative therapy to relieve signs and symptoms and to improve the quality of life of the patient. Radiation treatment for uterine cancer is of two types, and they are:

  • External radiation therapy – In this therapy, equipment outside the body sends radiation towards the site or area of cancer. 
  • Internal radiation therapy – Radioactive substances are sealed in needles, seeds, wires or catheters which are placed directly into or near the cancer. 


Chemotherapy: It is a cancer treatment in which the growth of cancer cells is stopped by using drugs either by killing the cancer cells or by preventing them from dividing. In systemic chemotherapy, the drug is given orally or injected intravenously; the drug enters the bloodstream and reaches the cancer cells throughout the body. 


Hormone therapy: It is a cancer treatment where the hormones are removed, or their action is blocked in order to kill the cancer cells. Drug therapy, surgery or radiation therapy can be used to block the action of hormones or reduce the hormone production when the test results show that there are places where hormones can attach. 


Immunotherapy: In this therapy a drug is administered to enhance the body’s immune system to fight against cancer cells. In combination with targeted therapy drugs, it can treat endometrial cancer that has spread or no longer responding to chemotherapy. 


Targeted therapy: It is a type of treatment where drugs are used to identify and attack specific cancer cells, this therapy cause less harm to normal cells compared to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It is of three types: 

  • Monoclonal antibody therapy – In this treatment the monoclonal antibodies can attach to specific target on cancer cells and kills these cancer cells or prevent their growth and spread to other parts of the body. 
  • mTOR inhibitor therapy – mTOR is a protein that is involved in control of cell division. mTOR inhibitors by blocking this protein can kill cancer cells or prevent them from further growth of new blood vessels for tumor cells to grow. 
  • Signal transduction inhibitor therapy – Signal transduction inhibitors kills cancer cells by blocking signals that are transferred from one molecule to another. 

✅Uterine cancer prognosis

In patients with stage 1 endometrial cancer the five-year survival rate is greater than 95% and in the disease process more than 80% of patients are diagnosed early. Uterine cancer treatment prognosis is good though some molecular subtypes have better survival rates compared to others. 


Survival rate for uterine cancer is generally good, particularly if diagnosed early and it depends on many factors.


Uterine cancer survival rate by stages include:

  • The five-year survival rate for stage I uterine cancer is 95 %.
  • The five-year survival rate for stage II uterine cancer is 75 %
  • The five-year survival rate for stage III uterine cancer is 50 %
  • The five-year survival rate for stage IV uterine cancer is 15 %.
Uterine cancer symptoms & causes | Uterine cancer treatment in India | what is uterine cancer​

Uterine Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Types, Diagnosis and Treatment

By Pace Hospitals • December 13, 2024
Uterine cancer is a critical condition characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the uterus, often originating in the endometrium. It can cause symptoms such as irregular bleeding, pelvic pain, and more. Learn about its types, causes, diagnostic techniques, and treatment options.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Uterine cancer

  • What are the symptoms of uterine cancer?

    The most common symptoms of uterine cancer are unusual vaginal bleeding, unpleasant vaginal discharge, heavy menses, pelvic pain, difficulty in urinating, and pain during intercourse. 

  • What causes uterine cancer?

    There is no exact known cause of uterine cancer but a few factors like obesity, being postmenopausal or reaching menopause at the age of 45, early periods before the age of 12 years, hypertension (high blood pressure) or diabetes can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer. 

  • How fast can uterine cancer develop?

    Uterine cancer is a cancer that grows in the cells of the uterus, it is of two types; endometrial which develops in the lining of the uterus, and uterine sarcoma develops in the muscle layer of the uterus. It usually takes years to develop uterine cancer. 

  • Can uterine polyps cause cancer?

    Yes, some uterine or endometrial polyps can be cancerous. The risk or chance of polyps turning cancerous is higher in postmenopausal women or in women with heavy or irregular periods.

  • How does obesity increase the risk of cancer of the uterus?

    Being overweight or obese is one of the major risks for developing uterine cancer. Obese women are 3 times more likely to develop endometrial cancer compared to normal women.

     

    Excess fat tissue can turn some hormones into estrogen. Having excess fat tissue increases estrogen levels, which raises the risk of developing uterine cancer.

What is stage 2 uterine cancer?

When cancer has spread to the connective tissue of the cervix, but has not spread outside the uterus, it is considered as stage 2 uterine cancer.

How common is uterine cancer?

Uterine cancer ranks fourth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the US, with estimates of 63,230 diagnoses in the year 2018. It was ranked as the sixth most common cancer worldwide in the year 2012 with an estimated 319,600 cases. 

What are the signs of uterine cancer recurrence?

Vaginal bleeding, changes in bowel habits or bladder habits, abdominal pain, bloating, shortness of breath, nausea, or vomiting are some of the common signs of uterine cancer recurrence. 

What is the difference between cervical cancer and uterine cancer?

Uterine cancer and cervical cancer are two different cancers that occur or develop in the female reproductive system. Uterine cancer is a type of cancer in which the cells of the uterus grow abnormally whereas cervical cancer develops in the cervix. 


Uterine cancer can be treated if diagnosed early and treatment includes surgery, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapy whereas cervical cancer is treated with surgery (hysterectomy), radiation therapy, immunotherapy, etc.

Does uterine adenomyosis cause uterine cancer?

Yes, uterine adenomyosis can rarely cause uterine cancer with change occurring in only 1% of the cases and older individuals. Prolonged exposure to estrogens is the most common risk factor for the malignant transformation of adenomyosis. 

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