Neurosurgery Hospitals in Hyderabad, India - Advanced Neurological Disorders Treatment

A neurosurgeon is the type of doctor qualified to perform neurosurgery and specifically trained to diagnose and treat conditions that affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Despite the word “surgeon”, neurosurgeons provide surgical and nonsurgical treatments. 

The difference between a neurologist and a neurosurgeon is that neurosurgeons deal with surgical issues related to the brain and spine. In contrast, neurologists deal more with nonsurgical, degenerative issues related to neurological problems.

Neurosurgeons treat various conditions affecting the brain, spine, and nervous system. Some of the most common conditions include brain tumours and traumatic brain injuries (TBI). They also deal with spinal disorders, such as herniated discs 

spinal stenosis, and degenerative diseases, which cause compression of the nerve and pain. 

Manages cerebrovascular conditions like aneurysms, strokes, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). They also deal with epilepsy and trigeminal neuralgia. In addition, these neurosurgeons treat infections of the nervous system, such as brain abscesses or meningitis, and congenital conditions like spina bifida.

The neurosurgery department performs various surgeries to treat conditions affecting the brain, spine and nervous system. These include 

• Craniotomy (removing a portion of the skull to access the brain)
• Craniectomy (removing a portion of the brain to relieve intracranial pressure caused by swelling, bleeding, or trauma)
• Discectomies (removal of herniated discs)
• Laminectomies (removal of part of the vertebra to reduce pressure)
• Spinal fusions (joining vertebrae to stabilize the spine)
• Deep Brain Stimulation
• Stereotactic Radiosurgery
• Endovascular Neurosurgery and Hydrocephalus Shunt Placements.

Several tests and evaluations are required before the neurosurgery. They are imaging tests such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computed tomography) scans. Blood tests are performed to check infections and clotting factors and confirming the patient is healthy enough for surgery.  Electroencephalograms (EEG), angiography, preoperative physical exams, neurological assessments, pulmonary function tests, and cardiac stress tests are performed depending on the patient's condition.

Neurosurgery is not always the last resort for neurological conditions, but it is considered when nonsurgical treatments fail or when the condition leads to any specific problem in the patient's health. Many neurological disorders are first managed with medications, physical therapy, minimally invasive procedures, or lifestyle changes to control symptoms or stop progression.

Before undergoing neurosurgery, a thorough preoperative assessment is conducted to evaluate whether the individual is physically prepared for the procedure which includes medical evaluations are also conducted they are blood tests, imaging studies (like MRI or CT scans), and physical exams to assess overall health and the specific condition being treated and also meet neurosurgeon to discuss the procedure, its risks, benefits and if having any medical history diabetes or heart disease, additional tests are performed, or precautions are taken.

Yes, neurosurgery can be used to treat epilepsy and Parkinson's disease when other treatment options, such as medications, are not effective or failed. For epilepsy, the common procedure is a lobectomy, stereotactic radiosurgery or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and for Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most common surgical procedure.

 These surgeries are not a cure for both epilepsy and Parkinson's disease but help in decreasing the symptoms and improving the quality of life.  

The recovery time from the brain and spine surgery can be different because it depends on the complexity of the procedure and the individual patient. Usually, it takes several weeks to a few months to recover from the immediate effects; full recovery takes up to a year. 

Most individuals need 6-12 weeks for light activities, and for returning to work or heavy lifting, it takes longer because it depends on the type of surgery and overall health. 

Yes, there are robotic-assisted options for spine surgeries; some of them include Mazor Robotics, ROSA One, and Excelsius GPS. These robotic systems use advanced imaging and computer navigation to guide the surgeon in placing screws, aligning the spine, and performing delicate procedures with high accuracy. 

Spinal fusion surgery is a procedure that connects two or more vertebrae in the spine to correct problems or reduce pain. It is recommended when a patient's back pain is chronic or affects daily activities. Other reasons for surgery include damaged disks, Spinal deformities such as scoliosis and Spinal instability like a fracture or severe arthritis. 

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a procedure that implants a small device in the brain to send electrical stimulation to treat neurological conditions that cause disabling symptoms. It is commonly used for movement disorders, psychiatric conditions and epilepsy. DBS is recommended for people whose symptoms are not controlled by medications or if the side effects of medications interfere with their daily activities. 

A craniotomy is a brain surgical procedure that involves removing and replacing a piece of the skull, while a craniectomy is a procedure that involves removing a piece of the skull and not replacing it immediately. A craniotomy is used to remove brain tumours, blood clots, or samples of brain tissue. Whereas a craniectomy is used to relieve Intracranial pressure in the brain caused by swelling from a stroke, brain bleeding, or traumatic brain injury.

Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is an imaging technique that allows surgeons to take real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans during a surgical procedure, providing images of the area they are working, feedback on the anatomy and tissue conditions, which helps them make more accurate decisions and improve surgical outcomes by allowing complete tumour removal and avoiding damage to nearby healthy tissue.

Anyone seeking an appointment in the Top Neurosurgery Hospitals in Hyderabad, Telangana, India, for critical and complex brain injuries, spinal disorders or nerve compression issues can visit the PACE Hospitals' Neurosurgery Department webpage and fill out the Appointment Form. They can also directly visit the hospital located near the Hi-Tech City metro station or call 04048486868 to book a hassle-free appointment.

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) occurs when there is a tangle (twisted) of blood vessels that causes problems with the connections between the arteries and veins, bypassing the normal capillary system. 

It most often occurs in the spinal cord and in the brain, but it can develop anywhere in the body, leading to symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits; in some cases, they lead to haemorrhage or stroke. The diagnosis involves imaging techniques such as MRI, CT scans, or angiography. Treatment includes surgery, endovascular embolization, or radiation therapy.   

A brain tumour is an abnormal or uncontrollable growth of cells in the brain leading to symptoms that depend on the part of the brain affected, such as headaches, seizures, vomiting, drowsiness, memory or personality changes, and vision or speech problems. 

The cause is usually unknown, but risk factors include age, family history, and genetic conditions; radiation may increase the risk of developing brain tumours. Treatment depends on the type of tumour, size, and location, including surgery, which aims to remove the tumour as much as possible, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or medications to manage symptoms.   

Brain abscess is a pus-filled swelling in the brain usually caused when bacteria or fungi infect the brain tissue after a head injury or infection. The symptoms develop quickly or slowly, including headache, changes in vision, seizures, high temperature, stiff neck, confusion and problems with nerve function, such as slurred speech and paralysis on one side of the body.

 It is a medical emergency treated with antibiotics, antifungals, and surgery, including simple aspiration or craniotomy. It is left untreated, leading to severe complications such as reoccurring abscesses, brain damage, epilepsy and meningitis.

Brain bleeding, also called a cerebral haemorrhage, occurs when the brain blood vessels rupture or break, leading to leakage of blood into the surrounding brain tissue. It can be due to many reasons, such as head injury, high blood pressure, aneurysms, or conditions like brain tumours. 

Symptoms include sudden severe headache, confusion, weakness on one side of the body, difficulty in speaking, vision problems, or loss of consciousness. Depending on the severity and location of the bleeding, treatment may include medications to control pressure or prevent further bleeding, surgery to remove blood or repair damaged blood vessels.

Brain blood clots, also called cerebral thrombosis, occur when a blood clot in one of the blood vessels in the brain blocks the blood flow. It is caused by conditions like high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (narrowing of the blood vessels), or heart problems. It can result in symptoms such as sudden weakness, numbness, trouble speaking, and confusion.

 Diagnosis is made through imaging tests like CT scan or MRI. Treatment involves medications to dissolve the clot or prevent it from getting bigger. In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove the clot.

Brain bruising, also called cerebral contusion, is a type of brain injury that occurs when the tiny blood vessels in the brain are damaged; this causes swelling and bleeding in the brain tissue.

 It is commonly caused by trauma to the head in some situations like falling or accidents, resulting in symptoms like headaches, dizziness, confusion and weakness. Treating mild cases requires rest and monitoring, whereas surgery is recommended in severe cases to reduce the pressure on the brain.   

Chiari malformation occurs when the lower part of the brain (cerebellum) pushes down into the spinal canal. This is because the opening at the base of the skull is smaller, causing pressure on the spinal cord and the brain, leading to symptoms such as neck pain, balance problems, headaches, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing.

 If it is not treated, it can lead to complications such as spinal fluid buildup or nerve damage. Treatment aims to relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord, including medications, physical therapy and, in some cases, surgery.  

A cerebral aneurysm, called a brain aneurysm, is a weak or thin spot on an artery that balloons or bulges out in the brain and fills with blood. In most cases, they do not cause any symptoms; however, in some cases, symptoms like headaches, vision issues, and nervous system function problems, such as weakness, numbness, and difficulty speaking, appear when they grow large or rupture.

 It is diagnosed by using CT scans, MRI, or angiography. Treatment is based on the type, location, size, and risk of rupture, which includes observation, surgical clipping, or endovascular coiling. 

A cavernous angioma is a cluster of abnormal blood vessels in the brain or spinal cord, sometimes known as cavernous angiomas, cavernous haemangiomas, or cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). It forms a spongy bubble-like structure, and it rarely causes symptoms like headaches, seizures, or other neurological problems, but in some rare cases, these blood vessel clusters can bleed, leading to more serious issues like stroke or brain damage.

 It is diagnosed through an MRI scan, which shows their appearance. Treatment involves surgery or monitoring the condition. 

Capillary telangiectasias occur when there is a small abnormal cluster of tiny blood vessels called capillaries in the brain, which are red or purple and appear as small threads or spider-like marks. Generally, it is asymptomatic and usually found during brain MRI, but in some rare cases, if the blood vessels rupture, it causes symptoms such as headaches or mild weakness. 

These malformations are congenital (present at birth) and may not require treatment unless they cause symptoms; most people live without major health issues.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition that develops when the median nerve becomes compressed or pinched and runs from the forearm into the palm, leading to symptoms like numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain in the fingers, especially in the thumb, middle fingers and index in the hand. It is caused by repetitive movements that put pressure on the wrist.

 It is also linked to conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, or pregnancy. Diagnosis involves physical examination and nerve tests. Treatment options include rest, wrist splints, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroids and surgeries. 

Chronic headaches are headaches that frequently occur 15 or more days per month for at least three months, which include tension headaches that feel like pressure or tightness around the head. These chronic headaches are caused by stress, poor posture, or other factors which make it hard to focus on everyday activities. 

Treatments involve pain relief medications, lifestyle changes like getting enough sleep, managing stress and avoiding things that may trigger the headaches

Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a condition where the spinal discs lose their elasticity, hydration, and flexibility due to ageing or wear and tear. As discs degenerate, they can cause pain, stiffness, and weakness in the back, neck, or limbs and numbness. The condition often results from the natural ageing process, but repetitive stress or injury can accelerate disc degeneration. 

Treatment includes physical therapy, pain medications, and lifestyle changes. In more severe cases, epidural steroid injections or surgery may be considered. Complications can involve chronic pain, nerve damage, and limited mobility, but many people manage symptoms with conservative care.

Epilepsy is a brain (neurological) disorder that causes seizures, which are sudden abnormal changes in brain activity. These can be due to various medical conditions such as strokes, brain infections like brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, head injuries or for unknown reasons (idiopathic). 

The symptoms of epilepsy differ from person to person and also depend on the type of seizures. These Epileptic seizures can occur at any age, but they are more common in young children and older adults, and a family history of epilepsy may increase the risk. Treatment includes anticonvulsant medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes respective surgeries, such as anterior temporal lobectomy or laminectomy.  

A herniated disc is an injury of the spinal cord that happens when a disc between the vertebrae is forced out of position. It is also called a slipping, bulging, or ruptured disc. This can press on nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness. 

Treatment typically includes rest, physical therapy, pain medications, and cold or heat therapy. In severe cases, epidural steroid injections or surgery may be necessary. Complications include chronic pain, nerve damage, and, occasionally, complications such as loss of bowel or bladder control may occur. Most people recover with appropriate treatment, though severe cases may require surgery.

Hydrocephalus, or water on the brain, is a condition where fluid buildup inside the skull causes the brain to push against the skull. It is due to a problem with the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, that surrounds the brain. It occurs at any age but is most common in the baby growing in the womb, infants and adults age 60 and older.

The most common symptoms of hydrocephalus include an increase in head size, headache, vomiting and seizures. Treatments aim to reduce the pressure on the brain, commonly treated by placing a shunt to drain the CSF. If left untreated, it can pressure the optic nerve in the eyes and cause gaze palsies, strabismus and nystagmus. 

Migraines are intense headaches that cause throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head. In addition to headaches, other symptoms include vomiting and sensitivity to light, sound, or smells, last for a few hours to several days and may be triggered by various factors like certain foods, stress, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, or environmental factors like bright lights or strong odours.

 Treatment for migraines includes medications to relieve pain, prevent future episodes and lifestyle changes like avoiding known triggers, managing stress, and maintaining sleep schedules.  

Parkinson's disease is a progressive brain (neurological) condition caused by the loss of nerve cells, leading to a decrease in dopamine, a neurotransmitter which regulates the movement of the body, resulting in symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, slow movements, balancing issues, problems sleeping, loss of smell and memory problems. 

This condition usually starts in people over 50 years old, but some individuals may have symptoms earlier, even before 40 years. Men are more likely to develop PD than women. Currently, there is no cure, but various treatments are available to reduce the symptoms and maintain the quality of life for as long as possible.

Peripheral neuropathy is a nerve condition that occurs when the peripheral nervous system is damaged, leading to pain, a pins and needles sensation, numbness and weakness, usually in the hands and feet, and worsening over time.

Peripheral neuropathy is caused by diabetes, cancer or cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, physical injury, infection, toxic substances, or conditions such as kidney failure or malnutrition. Treatments include antidepressants, pain medication, anti-seizure medication and pain-relieving creams. If left untreated, it results in serious consequences like gangrene and amputation.

A skull fracture is a break or crack in the bone of the skull. Based on the severity and location, the skull fracture ranges from minor to life-threatening. Common clinical manifestations include pain in the injured area, swelling, bleeding from the ears and nose, and bruising behind or around the ear. In some severe cases, it leads to loss of consciousness, confusion, seizures, and facial weakness.

 The goal of the treatment is to control pain, promote healing, and prevent complications, which include observations, surgery or medications to manage symptoms. 

A spinal subdural or epidural hematoma is a buildup of blood in the spaces around the spinal cord, either in the subdural or epidural areas. This accumulation of blood can put pressure on the spinal cord, causing symptoms like pain, weakness and numbness. 

This condition is usually diagnosed by MRI or CT myelography, which shows buildup of the blood. Treatment primarily involves immediate surgical drainage to remove the blood and relieve pressure. If it is not treated, it can lead to permanent spinal cord injury or paralysis. 

Spondylolisthesis is a disorder in which one vertebra in the spine slips over the vertebra below it, often due to a fracture, degeneration, or congenital defect. This misalignment can cause back pain, muscle spasms, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the legs. 

It commonly occurs in the lumbar spine (lower back) and can worsen with age or repetitive stress. Treatment typically involves pain management, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Surgery severe cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the spine.

Complications can include chronic pain, nerve damage, and limited mobility, though many manage symptoms with non-surgical approaches.

Spinal stenosis is the condition where the spine becomes narrow and exerts pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. The narrowing is seen in one or more areas, commonly in the cervical and lumbar spine. It might occur in any age or any gender. 

Symptoms of spinal stenosis are based on the location where the spine gets narrowed. Symptoms of the lower back include lower back pain, burning pain radiating to buttocks, weakness in feet and legs, numbness, etc. Upper back symptoms are generalised weakness in arms or hands, neck pain and numbness. 

Severe stenosis may interfere with sexual function, bladder, and bowel function. The causes of spinal stenosis are ageing, trauma or injury, genetic factors, and other diseases.

Spinal tumours are abnormal growths in or around the spine, often caused by primary cancer or metastasis from other areas. Symptoms include back pain, numbness, weakness, paralysis, and loss of coordination. 

Tumours may compress spinal nerves or the spinal cord, causing significant neurological deficits. Spinal tumours can be treated by surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy for cancerous growth. Complications may include chronic pain, spinal instability, nerve damage, and, if untreated, paralysis may occur.

Scoliosis is the sideway spine curvature in which the curve may occur on the left or right side. If the angle of curvature is diagnosed with more than 10° on the X-ray, then the condition is considered scoliosis. Usually, doctors describe this condition as 'C' or 'S'. There are three types of scoliosis: congenital, neuromuscular, and degenerative.

Symptoms of scoliosis include curves on the back, uneven shoulders or hips, lower back pain, stiffness, ribs postured on the sides of the body, dyspnoea (breathing difficulties), fatigue, etc. The causes of scoliosis are ageing, genetic factors, neuromuscular conditions, uneven leg length, and osteoporosis. In addition to these factors, poor posture, spinal curvatures, connective tissue disorders, and some injuries may also cause scoliosis.

It is a type of chronic pain disorder, also called tic douloureux, which causes sudden severe facial pain and usually affects people over 50, but it can occur at any age, even in infancy. It is more common in women than in men. It affects the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve), which provides nerve signals and feelings to the head and the face, leading to symptoms such as sudden intense pain on one side of the face.

 Generally, treatment involves medications such as anticonvulsants, pain-relieving drugs and opioid medications. If medication fails to relieve the pain, the healthcare provider may recommend surgeries such as microvascular decompression (MVD) and rhizotomy. 

A venous angioma only involves the veins, a type of abnormal collection of veins in the brain or spinal cord. They are generally present from birth and are harmless, but they are accidentally found during the imaging techniques for other reasons.

 In most cases, venous angiomas do not require treatment unless they cause any symptoms like headaches, seizures, or other neurological issues the healthcare expert may consider observation and recommend medical management.