Best Stomach (Gastric) Polyps Treatment in Hyderabad, India
PACE Hospitals stands out as the Best Hospital for Stomach Polyps Treatment in Hyderabad, Telangana, India, offering expert care for all types of gastric polyps. With a skilled team of gastroenterologists and endoscopy specialists, we ensure precise diagnosis and effective treatment using advanced endoscopic and minimally invasive procedures. Our services include polyp detection, removal, biopsy, and long-term monitoring to reduce recurrence and ensure patient safety.
Stomach polyps, also known as gastric polyps, are growths on the inner lining of the stomach, typically discovered during an endoscopy. While many are harmless, some may pose a cancer risk if left untreated. At PACE Hospitals, we use cutting-edge diagnostic tools and tailor treatment plans based on polyp type, size, and patient history—focusing on fast recovery, accurate results, and preventive care.
Book an appointment for Gastric Polyps Treatment
Gastric polyps treatment appointment
Why Choose PACE Hospitals for Gastric Polyps Treatment?
State-of-the-art Comprehensive Diagnostic Tools: Endoscopy, Biopsy & Imaging
Top Gastroenterologists, GI Surgeons & Oncologist in Hyderabad, India
24/7 Emergency Care for Gastrointestinal Conditions
Affordable & Reliable Minimally Invasive Polypectomy & Endoscopic Treatment Options
Gastric Polyps Diagnosis
Gastric polyps are small growths in the stomach that are mostly harmless but requires a proper check to make sure that they do not cause any trouble. If a gastroenterologist suspects these polyps may be present, a few steps will help to confirm the diagnosis of gastric polyps.
Diagnostic process of gastric polyps include:
- Review of medical history
- Physical examination
- Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
- Biopsy and testing
- Extra tests if needed
Medical history review
Firstly, the gastroenterologist may ask about the patient’s health history to know if there’s been any stomach pain, nausea, or a feeling of fullness after eating just a little. The gastroenterologist may also check if there’s a history of stomach infections like H. pylori, long-term use of medicines like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), or if anyone in the family has had stomach issues. This gives the gastroenterologist a better idea of what might be going on.
Physical examination
Then, the gastroenterologist will gently press on the stomach area to see if there’s any pain or swelling. They might also check for signs of anemia, like pale skin or nails, which could mean the polyps are bleeding a bit. It’s a quick step to gather more clues.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
To really see what’s inside the stomach, the gastroenterologist will perform an upper endoscopy. A thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera, called an endoscope, gets passed through the mouth into the stomach. Medication will be given to help the patient relax or sleep lightly, so it doesn’t feel uncomfortable. The camera shows pictures on a screen, helping the gastroenterologist spot any polyps and check their size or shape.
Biopsy and testing
During the endoscopy, a small piece of the polyp might be taken, this is called a biopsy. That piece is sent to a lab where experts look at it under a microscope. They figure out what type of polyp it is, like hyperplastic (non-cancerous growths in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal tract) or adenomatous (polyps that have a higher risk of becoming cancerous than hyperplastic polyps), and see if there’s any risk of it turning into something serious, like cancer. This step helps plan the next move.
Extra tests if required
Sometimes, a blood test might be suggested to check for anemia or an infection like H. pylori. In rare cases, a CT scan could be done to get a clearer picture of the stomach if something more serious is suspected. These tests only happen if the gastroenterologist thinks they’re really needed.
✅Gastric Polyps Differential Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of gastric polyps is crucial for determining the appropriate management and treatment strategies, as various lesions may present similarly but have different clinical implications. Here are the primary considerations in the differential diagnosis of gastric polyps:
Common benign lesions
Hyperplastic polyps
These are common, often small, and typically have a low risk of malignancy.
Fundic gland polyps
These are also common, particularly in individuals taking proton pump inhibitors, and generally have a low risk of malignancy.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp
These are rare and often associated with underlying inflammatory conditions.
Ectopic pancreas
This refers to the presence of pancreatic tissue in the stomach, which can sometimes appear as a polyp.
Neoplastic Lesions (with potential for malignancy)
Adenomas
These are glandular polyps that have a higher risk of progressing to cancer compared to hyperplastic or fundic gland polyps, especially if they are large or have dysplasia.
Neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids)
These are tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells in the stomach and can sometimes appear as polyps.
Gastric adenocarcinoma
This is a type of stomach cancer that can sometimes present as a polyp or as a polypoid mass.
Rare conditions and syndromes
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
This is a rare genetic disorder that can cause multiple hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach.
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
This is another rare genetic disorder that can cause multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach.
Cowden syndrome
This is a rare genetic disorder that can cause multiple hamartomatous polyps and other tumors, including in the stomach.
Cronkhite-canada syndrome
This is a rare syndrome that can cause multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, along with other skin and nail changes.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
This is a rare genetic disorder that can cause a large number of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum and can also cause fundic gland polyps in the stomach.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
These are tumors that arise from the cells of the gastrointestinal tract wall and can sometimes appear as polyps.
Leiomyoma
These are benign tumors of smooth muscle that can sometimes occur in the stomach.
Fibroid polyps
These are benign tumors of fibrous tissue that can sometimes occur in the stomach.
Lymphoma
This is a cancer of the lymphatic system that can sometimes involve the stomach and appear as a polyp.
Hemangioma
This is a benign tumor of blood vessels that can sometimes occur in the stomach.
Lymphangioma
This is a benign tumor of lymphatic vessels that can sometimes occur in the stomach.
Neuroma
This is a benign tumor of nerve tissue that can sometimes occur in the stomach.
Submucosal ectopic glands
These are collections of glands that are located in the stomach submucosa, which can sometimes appear as polyps.
Metastatic tumors
In some cases, a gastric polyp may be a sign of a metastatic tumor from another part of the body.
Considerations of a Gastroenterologist Before Opting for Polypectomy
Before opting for a polypectomy, gastroenterologists consider several critical factors to ensure patient safety and procedural effectiveness. Here are the main considerations:
Polyp characteristics
- Size and type: The size and morphology of the polyp significantly influence the decision-making process. Larger polyps (≥20 mm) or those with specific features may require different techniques, such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or surgical resection, due to a higher risk of malignancy and complications.
- Histological features: The histology of the polyp (e.g., adenomatous vs. hyperplastic) is crucial, as adenomatous polyps have a greater potential for malignancy. Gastroenterologists often assess the likelihood of cancer based on the polyp's appearance and size.
Location and accessibility
- Anatomical location: The location of the polyp within the colon can affect the choice of technique. Polyps in difficult-to-reach areas may require more advanced techniques or careful planning due to increased risks of complications.
- Prior interventions: Any previous interventions at the site can complicate the procedure, necessitating a tailored approach based on past endoscopic findings and pathology reports.
Technique selection
- Polypectomy techniques: Different techniques are recommended based on polyp characteristics. For instance, cold snare polypectomy is preferred for small polyps (≤5 mm), while hot snare polypectomy is recommended for larger non-pedunculated adenomatous polyps (10–19 mm) due to its effectiveness in complete resection.
- Risk of complications: Gastroenterologists must weigh the risks of complications such as bleeding and perforation against the benefits of removing the polyp. Meticulous technique and possibly prophylactic measures are considered to minimize these risks.
Timing of polypectomy
- Insertion vs. withdrawal: The timing of when to perform a polypectomy during colonoscopy can affect overall procedure quality. Performing it during insertion may compromise cecal intubation rates, while withdrawal allows for better assessment and management of multiple polyps.
Patient factors
- Patient health status: The patient's overall health, including any comorbidities, plays a vital role in decision-making. An assessment of their ability to tolerate sedation and potential complications is essential.
- Informed consent: Discussing the risks, benefits, and alternatives with the patient is crucial for informed consent, ensuring they understand what to expect from the procedure.
By carefully evaluating these considerations, gastroenterologists/GI surgeons aim to optimize outcomes and reduce the risks associated with polypectomy procedures.
Gastric Polyps Treatment
Most of the stomach polyps are benign, but some may carry a slight risk of malignant transformation, depending on their size, histology, and associated factors. The management of these growths varies based on their characteristics and clinical presentation. The treatment of gastric polyps involves a combination of endoscopic procedures, medical management, and lifestyle modifications, tailored to the type, size, and associated conditions of the polyps. The general approaches to manage gastric polyps include:
Endoscopic resection
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
EMR (Endoscopic Mucosal Resection) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows for the removal of polyps from the mucosal layer of the stomach. This technique is particularly effective for polyps larger than 10 mm or those exhibiting dysplastic changes, which are precursors to cancer. The procedure typically involves injecting a solution (such as saline) under the polyp to lift it away from the underlying tissue, facilitating complete resection. After removal, the specimen is sent for histopathological examination to assess for malignancy, allowing for tailored follow-up care based on the findings.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)
ESD (Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection) is a more advanced endoscopic technique used for larger lesions, especially those measuring over 2 cm or early gastric cancers that are confined to the mucosa or submucosa. This method allows for en bloc resection, meaning the entire lesion can be removed in one piece, which aids in accurate pathological evaluation and reduces the risk of residual disease. ESD requires specialized training and expertise due to its complexity and carries a slightly increased risk of complications compared to EMR.
Cold/Hot Snare Polypectomy
This technique is suitable for smaller polyps (typically ≤5–10 mm) without dysplastic features. Cold snare polypectomy utilizes a snare without electrocautery, minimizing thermal injury to surrounding tissues, while hot snare polypectomy employs electrocautery to facilitate effective removal. Both techniques are effective with low complication rates, making them ideal for managing small gastric polyps.
Polypectomy
Polypectomy specifically refers to the surgical removal of gastric polyps during endoscopy. It is indicated for various types of gastric polyps, particularly adenomatous polyps and those larger than 10 mm, due to their higher risk of malignancy. During the procedure, instruments such as snares or forceps are used to excise the polyp. Electrocautery may be applied to prevent bleeding and ensure complete removal. Histopathological analysis of removed polyps is crucial for guiding further management and surveillance.
Surgical interventions
Laparoscopic resection
For larger gastric polyps (generally >2–6 cm) or those that are intramural and inaccessible via endoscopy, laparoscopic resection may be warranted. This minimally invasive surgical approach offers several advantages, including reduced postoperative pain, shorter recovery times, and minimal scarring compared to open surgery. Surgeons can perform wedge resections or even partial gastrectomy as needed based on the characteristics of the polyp and surrounding tissue.
Wedge gastrectomy or gastrotomy
In cases where there is a suspicion of invasive adenocarcinoma or if high-risk adenomatous polyps (>2 cm) are found, more extensive surgical intervention may be necessary. Wedge gastrectomy involves removing a section of the stomach containing the polyp along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete excision and reduce recurrence risk. Gastrotomy may be performed to access and remove polyps that are difficult to visualize endoscopically.
Medical management
Helicobacter pylori eradication
For hyperplastic polyps linked to H. pylori infection, eradication therapy is essential. This generally involves a combination of antibiotics along with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to suppress gastric acid production and enhance antibiotic efficacy. Successful eradication can lead to regression of hyperplastic polyps in many patients within one year, making it an essential part of management.
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) adjustment
Fundic gland polyps have been associated with long-term PPI use. If these polyps are detected, discontinuing PPIs may be recommended unless they are necessary for managing conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Monitoring patients off PPIs can help determine if their polyps regress naturally over time.
Lifestyle and dietary modifications
Anti-inflammatory diet
Implementing dietary changes can play a significant role in managing gastric health and preventing further polyp formation. An anti-inflammatory diet emphasizes whole foods rich in antioxidants—such as fruits (berries, citrus), vegetables (leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables), whole grains (brown rice, quinoa), lean proteins (fish, poultry), and healthy fats (olive oil, avocados). Patients are encouraged to avoid processed foods high in sugar and saturated fats, which can exacerbate inflammation and contribute to gastritis.
Monitoring and follow-up
Surveillance endoscopy
Regular follow-up endoscopies are crucial for patients with a history of gastric polyps—particularly those with adenomatous polyps or dysplasia—to detect recurrence or new lesions early. The frequency of surveillance depends on individual risk factors, but typically ranges from annual to biennial assessments.
Biopsy-driven management
Histopathological analysis following polypectomy provides essential information about the nature of the polyp—whether it is benign or malignant—and guides subsequent management decisions.
Special considerations
Emergency Intervention
In cases where gastric polyps cause significant bleeding that does not respond to endoscopic therapy, emergency surgical intervention may be necessary. This could involve laparoscopic or open surgery to control haemorrhage and remove the offending polyp.
Genetic syndromes
Patients diagnosed with conditions such as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome or juvenile polyposis syndrome require specialized care due to their predisposition to multiple gastrointestinal polyps and increased cancer risk. These patients often need tailored surveillance strategies involving regular endoscopies and possible prophylactic surgeries based on their individual risk profiles.
Adjuvant therapies
Imatinib therapy
For tumors greater than 3 cm or with positive margins after surgical resection—especially in cases involving gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)—imatinib therapy may be recommended as an adjuvant treatment option. Neoadjuvant therapy with imatinib may also be indicated for unresectable tumors, aiming to reduce size for potential resection.
Additional techniques and innovations
Chromoendoscopy
The use of dyes during endoscopy can enhance visualization of lesions by staining areas of interest more vividly than surrounding tissue. This technique helps delineate margins more clearly during resection procedures, improving outcomes by ensuring complete removal of lesions. By incorporating these comprehensive treatment modalities tailored to individual patient needs and polyp characteristics—including polypectomy as a critical component—healthcare experts aim to effectively manage gastric polyps while minimizing risks associated with potential malignancy and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) On Gastric Polyps Treatment
How to remove gastric polyps?
Gastric polyps are most commonly removed through endoscopic polypectomy, a technique performed during upper endoscopy. A snare or forceps is used to cut or lift the polyp from the stomach lining, making it a minimally invasive procedure with a low complication rate.
For larger, flat, or sessile polyps, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) may be required, which involves removing a broader section of the mucosa to ensure complete excision. Open surgery is rarely needed unless malignancy is widespread, or complications arise. Post-removal, the site is typically cauterized to prevent bleeding, and tissue is sent for histological analysis.
Can gastric polyps turn into cancer?
Yes, certain gastric polyps have the potential to become cancerous, though the overall risk is low. Adenomatous polyps carry the highest risk, with malignancy rates estimated at 10–20%, depending on size and dysplasia. Hyperplastic polyps can also transform, but this occurs in only 1–2% of cases, typically when larger than 1 cm or associated with dysplastic changes. Factors like chronic H. pylori infection or gastritis increase the likelihood by promoting cellular abnormalities over time. Regular surveillance is recommended for at-risk polyps to detect early changes.
Are gastric polyps genetic?
Certain gastric polyps, such as fundic gland polyps (FGPs) in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), have a genetic basis, tied to mutations in the APC gene. FAP, an autosomal dominant condition, significantly increases FGP prevalence. However, most hyperplastic polyps and sporadic FGPs lack a strong hereditary component unless associated with rare syndromes like FAP or juvenile polyposis. Environmental factors typically dominate in non-syndromic cases.
How long does it take for stomach polyps to heal?
After endoscopic removal, the stomach mucosa generally heals within 2–6 weeks, depending on the polyp’s size, the extent of resection, and the patient’s healing capacity. Smaller polypectomy sites may heal faster (around 2–4 weeks), while larger ones or those treated with EMR may take up to 6 weeks. Preventing recurrence requires treating underlying causes like H. pylori. There’s no data on unremoved polyps “healing” naturally.
Can hyperplastic gastric polyps occur without H. pylori?
Yes, hyperplastic gastric polyps can develop in the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection, although this bacterium is a primary driver of their formation in most cases. These polyps are generally a response to chronic irritation or inflammation of the stomach lining, and while H. pylori is the most common cause, other factors can also trigger this process.
For instance, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), autoimmune gastritis, or bile reflux may lead to mucosal changes that result in hyperplastic polyp growth. These cases tend to be less frequent, and the polyps are smaller compared to those associated with H. pylori, but they demonstrate that the condition isn’t exclusively tied to infection.
Can long-term use of gastro-resistant medication cause gastric polyps?
Yes, extended use of gastro-resistant medications, particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), is linked to an increased likelihood of developing gastric polyps, with fundic gland polyps (FGPs) being the most common type observed. PPIs suppress acid production, which elevates gastrin levels in the blood—a hormone that can stimulate cell growth in the stomach’s fundic region, leading to FGPs.
Hyperplastic polyps are less consistently associated with PPIs, though some studies report their occurrence, possibly due to altered gastric mucosa or inflammation patterns. The risk becomes notable after a year or more of continuous use, though not all users develop polyps.
How to examine gastric polyps?
Gastric polyps are primarily examined through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a procedure where a flexible tube equipped with a camera is inserted through the mouth to visualize the stomach lining directly. During endoscopy, clinicians can identify the size, shape, and location of polyps, and they often take biopsies—small tissue samples—using forceps for microscopic analysis to determine the polyp’s type and check for malignancy.
Additional tests, such as H. pylori detection via urea breath test or stool antigen test, may be performed to assess underlying causes. While imaging like endoscopic ultrasound can provide further detail, standard endoscopy remains the cornerstone of examination.
Why are gastric polyps not dangerous?
Most gastric polyps are not considered dangerous because they are benign and infrequently progress to cancer. Hyperplastic polyps and fundic gland polyps (FGPs), which constitute most cases, typically remain harmless, especially if small (under 1 cm) and without dysplastic changes. They often cause no symptoms, reducing their immediate impact on health. However, this generalization doesn’t apply universally—danger depends on factors like polyp size, histological type, and associated conditions such as H. pylori infection, which can elevate risk in specific cases. Thus, while most are safe, monitoring is advised for exceptions.
What is a xanthomatous gastric polyp?
A xanthomatous gastric polyp is an uncommon, benign lesion in the stomach mucosa composed of lipid-laden macrophages, known as xanthoma cells. These polyps are typically small and linked to chronic gastritis, often H. pylori-related, or disorders of lipid metabolism, such as hyperlipidemia. Unlike common polyps (e.g., hyperplastic or adenomatous), they lack malignant potential and are considered an inflammatory or degenerative response rather than a true neoplastic growth.
Can ultrasound detect stomach polyps?
Ultrasound, specifically endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), can detect gastric polyps by imaging the layers of the stomach wall, offering details on polyp depth and structure. However, it’s not the primary diagnostic tool, as standard abdominal ultrasound struggles to visualize mucosal details due to air interference and limited resolution. EUS is more often used to assess known polyps rather than for initial detection, which relies on endoscopy.
Can acid reflux cause stomach polyps?
There is no direct evidence that acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), causes gastric polyps. While chronic reflux can inflame the esophagus, its impact on the stomach lining is less clear, and studies do not establish a causal link to polyp formation. Instead, PPIs used to manage reflux are more strongly associated with polyps, particularly FGPs, due to gastrin effects rather than reflux itself.
Can stomach polyps cause anemia?
Yes, gastric polyps can cause anemia, particularly if they are large, multiple, or prone to bleeding. Hyperplastic polyps are more likely to erode and bleed chronically than FGPs, leading to iron deficiency anemia over time. Symptoms like fatigue or pallor may emerge, though this complication is uncommon and typically occurs with symptomatic or neglected polyps.
Can stress cause stomach polyps?
There is no direct scientific evidence that stress causes gastric polyps. Stress might exacerbate conditions like gastritis or H. pylori infection by increasing acid production or immune response changes, potentially contributing indirectly to inflammation that fosters polyps. However, no studies establish stress as a primary or independent cause—its role remains speculative and secondary at best.
