Usually, a specialized catheterization lab carries out the procedure. Given below is the step-by-step process that takes place:

• Anaesthesia administration: Patients usually receive local anaesthesia with sedation; general anaesthesia may be used sometimes.



• Accessing blood vessels: A catheter is inserted through a small incision in either the femoral artery or another access point, such as the subclavian or transapical approaches.

• Valve delivery: A compressed replacement valve is delivered to the location of the sick valve via the catheter. 

• Valve deployment: The new valve is deployed using either a balloon for expansion or self-expanding mechanisms. 

• Confirmation of placement: The doctor will use imaging techniques to confirm the proper placement and function of the new valve.

• Closure: The catheter is removed, and the access sites are closed using sutures or closure devices.
  

Depending on the individual’s circumstance, the entire procedure often takes one to two hours.

Post-procedure recovery varies by patient, but generally includes:

• Hospital stay: Most patients stay in the hospital for 1 to 3 days following TAVI for monitoring and recovery.

• Monitoring vital signs: Continuous monitoring for any complications such as bleeding or arrhythmias.

• Gradual resumption of activities: After a few days of the procedure, patients are usually advised to resume their regular activities, but at first, they should avoid heavy lifting and vigorous activity.

• Follow-up care: Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor heart function and ensure the new valve is working correctly.
  

The benefits of TAVI compared to traditional surgical options include:

• Minimally invasive nature: Smaller incisions lead to less pain and quicker recovery times.

• Reduced hospitalization time: Many patients can leave the hospital within days rather than weeks.

• Lower risk of complications: Compared to open-heart surgery, the TAVI procedure generally has a lower risk of complications such as infection and prolonged recovery time.

• Improved quality of life: Many patients experience significant relief from symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue after the procedure.

TAVI/TAVR Procedure Cost in Hyderabad, India varies from ₹14,50,000 to ₹22,00,000 (US$16,680 to US$25,300). The final cost of heart valve replacement surgery depends on various factors, including the type & quality of valve used, patient's age & condition, surgeon’s expertise, hospital facilities & technology, required diagnostic procedures, type of anesthesia, medications, post-procedure care. Premium facilities and advanced valves may increase the expense, insurance coverage can significantly reduce the financial burden.

At PACE Hospitals, we offer affordable and transparent pricing for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) / Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) with world-class cardiac care. We strive to provide cost-effective TAVI/TAVR procedures with the highest standards of care.

Despite its advantages, TAVI carries potential risks:



• Stroke: There is a risk of stroke during or after the procedure due to debris dislodging from blood vessels.

• Need for pacemaker insertion: Some patients may develop conduction disturbances requiring permanent pacemaker placement following TAVI.

• Paravalvular leak: Leakage around the new valve can occur if it does not fit perfectly within the old valve structure.

• Vascular complications: Issues related to access sites such as bleeding or hematoma formation.

• Acute kidney injury: This can occur due to contrast dye used during imaging or procedural stress on kidneys.

What is TAVI/TAVR?

TAVI/TAVR, is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a diseased aortic valve. It is typically performed on patients with severe aortic stenosis who are considered high or moderate risk for open-heart surgery. The procedure avoids the need for major surgery, resulting in shorter recovery times and reduced complication risks.

During TAVI/TAVR, a catheter with a collapsible valve is inserted through an artery, often in the groin. It is guided to the heart, where the new valve is positioned inside the diseased valve and expanded to restore proper blood flow. The old valve remains in place.

How long does the TAVI/TAVR procedure take?

Typically, the TAVI/TAVR process takes one to two hours. Preparation and post-procedure monitoring, however, could lengthen the overall hospital stay. The length may change based on the patient’s anatomy of the patient and the complexity of the case.

What is recovery like after TAVI/TAVR?

Recovery from TAVI/TAVR is generally quick, with many patients resuming normal activities within a few weeks. Most patients are discharged within a few days and experience significant symptom relief, such as improved breathing and reduced fatigue, almost immediately.

Are there age restrictions for TAVI/TAVR?

There are no strict age restrictions for TAVI/TAVR. It is commonly performed in older adults due to their higher surgical risks. Recent studies have also expanded its use in younger, lower-risk patients based on individualized evaluations by healthcare teams.

What are the different approaches for TAVI/TAVR?

The most common approach is the transfemoral route through the groin. Other approaches include transapical (via the chest wall) and transaortic (through the upper chest). The choice depends on the patient’s anatomy, valve condition, and overall health status.

Is general anesthesia required for TAVI/TAVR?

TAVI/TAVR can be performed under general anesthesia or conscious sedation. The choice depends on the patient’s overall condition and the surgical team's expertise. Conscious sedation reduces recovery time and complications associated with general anaesthesia in elderly patients.

What happens to the old valve during TAVI/TAVR?

The diseased aortic valve is not removed during TAVI/TAVR. Instead, the new valve is positioned inside the existing valve. It expands, pushing the old valve leaflets aside, and begins functioning immediately to improve blood flow from the heart.

Will I need blood thinners after TAVI/TAVR?

After TAVI/TAVR, most patients are prescribed antiplatelet medications, like aspirin or clopidogrel, for a few months to prevent clot formation. Patients with other conditions, like atrial fibrillation, may require long-term anticoagulation therapy. The regimen is tailored individually.

Can TAVI/TAVR be repeated if needed in the future?

Yes, TAVI-in-TAVI procedures are feasible. If the replacement valve degenerates over time, another TAVI can be performed to implant a new valve inside the existing one, providing a minimally invasive solution for long-term valve management.

Are there dietary or lifestyle restrictions post-TAVI/TAVR?

Post-TAVI/TAVR, patients should adopt a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while limiting salt and processed foods. Regular, moderate exercise is encouraged, but strenuous activities should be avoided initially. Smoking cessation is essential.

What tests are required before TAVI/TAVR?

Extensive checks are performed on patients, including blood tests, coronary angiography, CT scans, and echocardiograms. These tests aid in determining the degree of aortic stenosis, overall heart health, and operation eligibility to ensure the best results.

Can TAVI/TAVR address other heart valve problems?

TAVI/TAVR is primarily used to treat severe aortic stenosis. In some cases, it may help with aortic regurgitation. However, it is not a standard treatment for other valve diseases, such as mitral or tricuspid valve issues.

Is TAVI/TAVR covered by insurance?

For qualified patients, TAVI/TAVR is covered by the majority of insurance companies, including government healthcare programs. Individual policies and criteria determine coverage. For precise information, it is important to speak with the insurance company and healthcare expert.

What follow-up care is needed after TAVI/TAVR?

Patients require routine follow-ups with a cardiologist to monitor valve performance and overall heart health. These may involve echocardiograms and blood tests. Periodic evaluations and lifetime care are essential to achieving the best long-term results.