Best Neurology Hospital in Hyderabad for all Neurological Conditions

Neurology is the specific field of medical science that deals with diagnosing, treating, and studying diseases and disorders of the nervous system, comprising the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Neurologists are doctors or specialists who manage neurological diseases and disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. They focus on providing better neurological healthcare and managing conditions like epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.

Neurology departments treat various diseases and disorders related to the nervous system. Some of the common neurological conditions treated by the neurologist include

• Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders
• Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)
• Multiple Sclerosis & Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Parkinson's Disease
• Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
• Migraines and Other Headaches
• Neuropathy and Peripheral Nerve Disorders
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries
• Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Movement Disorders
• Sleep Disorders
• Brain Tumors
• Cerebral Palsy
• Infections of the Nervous System (e.g., Meningitis, Encephalitis)

Treatment for neurological conditions widely depends on the patient's medical conditions, specific types of diseases, and severity. Some of the common and standard treatment modalities include: 

• Medication for particular disorders like Anticonvulsants for epilepsy and seizure disorders, Antipsychotics for Alzheimer's disease, Pain Relievers for neuropathic pain and headaches, Antiparkinsonian Drugs for Parkinson's disease, muscle relaxants for spasticity and muscle spasms, etc.
• Surgical Interventions like Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, Epilepsy Surgery to remove area of the brain causing seizures, Tumor Resection for brain tumors, Shunt Placement  for hydrocephalus to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid, Spinal Surgery for conditions like spinal stenosis & herniated discs. 
• Therapies like Physical Therapy to improve mobility, strength, and coordination issues, Occupational Therapy to improve daily living skills and independence, Speech Therapy for speech, swallowing, and communication disorders, and Cognitive Rehabilitation for cognitive impairments due to brain injury or disease.

Diagnostic tests are very essential for the comprehensive diagnosis and precise treatment strategy. Based on the medical history of the patients and thorough physical examinations, a neurologist may indicate the following diagnostic tests:

Neuroimaging:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), to understand the presence of tumours, strokes, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan to detect bleeding, tumors, and bone abnormalities.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan, to understand the functioning of the brain and metabolism, which can help detect Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and brain tumours.
• Functional MRI (fMRI) is used to analyse brain activity by understanding changes in blood flow. It also helps in brain function mapping before surgery.

Electrodiagnostic Tests:

• Electroencephalography (EEG), helps records electrical activity in the brain to diagnose epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other brain disorders.
• Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS), helps in evaluating the electrical activity of muscles and the speed of nerve signals to diagnose peripheral neuropathy, muscle diseases, and motor neuron diseases.

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) collects the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to analyse and diagnose infections (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis), multiple sclerosis, and other conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord.

Blood Tests detect infections, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, and metabolic conditions that affect the nervous system.

Genetic Testing identifies genetic mutations associated with inherited neurological disorders such as Huntington's disease, muscular dystrophy, and certain forms of epilepsy.

Cerebral Angiography, with the use of X-rays and a contrast dye to visualize blood vessels in the brain, detecting aneurysms, vascular malformations, and blockages.

Neurologists and neurosurgeons more often collaborate to provide holistic and comprehensive neurological care to patients who need surgical interventions to cure specific neurological disorders. Some of the common surgical interventions performed by neurosurgeons are:

• Craniotomy
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
• Epilepsy Surgery
• Spinal Fusion
• Laminectomy
• Microdiscectomy
• Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt
• Aneurysm Clipping and Coiling
• Stereotactic Radiosurgery
• Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)
• Carotid Endarterectomy
• Chiari Decompression
• Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
• Peripheral Nerve Surgery
• Brain Biopsy
• Neuroendoscopy  

There are various neurological conditions which are more prone to the child and can persist to adulthood. Some of the common neurological diseases and disorders that can affect children are as follows:

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Cerebral Palsy
• Epilepsy
• Developmental Delay
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Spina Bifida
• Hydrocephalus
• Tourette Syndrome
• Encephalitis
• Meningitis
• Rett syndrome

Neuropathy is an umbrella term used to define any dysfunction or impairment of one or more peripheral nerves (the nerves which are located outside of the brain and spinal cord). Usually, neuropathy manifests with symptoms like numbness, weakness, pain, or impaired muscle function. Neuropathy can result from various underlying medical conditions like hypertension, diabetes, infections, injuries, or exposure to toxins. 

Early signs of a neurological disorder can differ depending on the part of the nervous system (Central or peripheral) affected and the specific conditions. However, some of the common early signs & symptoms which can manifest the impairment of the nervous system are:

• Headaches
• Numbness or Tingling
• Weakness
• Movement Problems
• Vision Problems
• Speech and Language Issues
• Memory Loss
• Seizures
• Dizziness or Vertigo
• Fatigue
• Changes in Sensation
• Bladder or Bowel Problems
• Sleep Problems
• Behavioural Changes
• Cognitive Decline
• Nausea or Vomiting
• Coordination Issues
• Facial Weakness or Asymmetry
• Hearing Problems

The warning and alarming signs of a stroke can be summarized using the acronym FAST, which stands for

F - Face Drooping

A - Arm Weakness

S - Speech Difficulty

T - Time to Call Emergency Services

Some of the additional signs which could be crucial to understand and take timely action are: 

• Sudden Numbness or Weakness
• Sudden Confusion
• Sudden trouble seeing
• Sudden trouble in walking
• Feeling dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination
• Sudden severe headache

Anyone seeking the best neurologist near me in locations like Hitech City, Madhapur, Kondapur, Gachibowli, KPHB, or Kukatpally can visit the PACE Hospitals Neurology Department webpage and fill out the Appointment Form. They can also directly visit the hospital located near the Hi-Tech City metro station or call 04048486868 to book a hassle-free appointment with the top neurologist in Hyderabad.

A chronic neurodegenerative disease in which memory and thinking skills are slowly destroyed, affecting the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. Progressive impairment of behavioural and cognitive functions like memory, language, comprehension, reasoning, attention, and judgment are the hallmarks of the disease. 

Amyloid protein deposition in the brain is the most common factor leading to the death of neurons, resulting in Alzheimer’s disease. At present, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, but neurologists use the available treatments that can improve some of the symptoms.

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), which is also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impairs the functions of motor neurons in the brain & spinal cord, which can lead to muscle weakness, and muscle atrophy and eventually leads to paralysis. Some of the early signs and symptoms that can be witnessed are muscle twitching, cramps, and difficulty speaking or swallowing.

A neurological and developmental disorder known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects a person's ability to learn, behave, interact with others, and communicate. Although an autism diagnosis can be made at any age, autism is classified as a "developmental disorder" since its symptoms often manifest in the first two years of life. There is no known cause of ASD. Studies indicate that environment and genes are significant factors. Making very rare eye contact, having difficulties in conversation, infrequent sharing of interest, and difficulty in conversation are some of the symptoms of ASD. 

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent chronic neurodevelopmental disorders affecting children, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and can interfere with individuals' daily activities and functioning. 

The exact cause and risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not known, but recent studies have said genetic factors play a significant role. Pediatricians, psychologists, or psychiatrists with specialized knowledge and skills in the treatment and care of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can effectively handle ADHD patients.

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked or when a brain blood vessel bursts. It may result in permanent damage to the brain, long-term disability, or, in some cases, even death. 

Treatment for brain stroke includes medications and surgical procedures. Neurologists who underwent specialized training in stroke care and neuroendovascular procedures are the essential healthcare personnel who effectively handle stroke cases.

Brain tumors are the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the brain, forming an abnormal mass. They may be formed in any part of the brain, including the skull base, brain stem, nasal cavity, sinuses, and protective lining. Cognitive deterioration and motor dysfunction are mostly seen, and they may worsen further if left untreated. A multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, and oncologists with specialized skills diagnose and treat brain tumors.

Involuntary blinking or other motions of the eyelids, such as twitching, are symptoms of blepharospasm. Twitching of the eyelids typically resolves itself, but if it is chronic, it is blepharospasm. Disruptions in the electrical activity in the basal ganglia (an important part of the brain) could cause blepharospasm. This condition usually occurs in middle-aged adults. It could be a side effect of several drugs treating Parkinson's disease. 

Cerebral palsy comprises various neurological disorders caused by brain damage. It impairs movement, muscle tone, and posture and can be characterized by symptoms like spasticity, muscle weakness, and coordination issues. There is no cure for cerebral palsy, but the symptoms can be managed through lifestyle changes, physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgery.

Dementia is a clinical syndrome (group of symptoms) associated with a progressive decline in cognition that interferes with independent functioning. Memory loss, confusion, poor judgment, mood and personality changes, etc., are the common signs. 

Dementia is caused by abnormal protein grouping in the brain. It impairs nerve cells, eventually leading to their death and shrinking of brain areas. While there is no cure for dementia at present, neurologists use various treatments to manage the symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Dystonia is a neurological disease marked by involuntary muscle contractions resulting in slow repetitive and uncomfortable movements/postures associated with uncomfortable tremors or other neurological symptoms. 

There are numerous types of dystonia, which can affect a single muscle, groups of muscles, or the entire body. While some forms of dystonia are inherited, most of the causes are unknown. Symptoms may include: 

• A foot cramp or a tendency for one foot to turn or drag. 
• Deterioration in handwriting after writing numerous lines.
• The neck may turn or pull involuntarily, especially in a weary or stressed person.
• Both eyes may blink rapidly and uncontrollably, at times compelling the eyes to close.

Dystonia is caused by a damaged basal ganglion in the brain or brain regions that control movement.

Epilepsy (also called an epileptic seizure disorder) is a long-term brain condition with repeated seizures (also called fits - a sudden change of neurologic function due to neurons' excessive discharge). 

Epilepsy symptoms may differ individually, which include abnormal smells, fear sensation, increased epigastric sensation, etc., before the seizures.  Oxygen deficiency may incur permanent brain damage if left untreated. A neurologist can diagnose epilepsy through imaging tests and treat it with medicines or surgery.

Encephalitis is a condition in which the brain becomes inflamed. This could be a result of a direct viral infection, exposure to another infectious agent, or vaccination. The patient may feel tired, numb, or bewildered because of a fever, headache, or seizure. It could cause extreme tiredness, eventually coma, and death. Spinal taps and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain are basic procedures for diagnosis. 

It is possible for the immune system to mistakenly kill normal brain cells in response to an infection, vaccination, cancer, or other disease that affects the brain (an autoimmune reaction). Since the proteins in myelin are like those in the virus, they are sometimes attacked by the immune system in cases of autoimmune encephalitis. This causes a significant slowing in nerve impulse transmission.

Face palsy is a condition where the facial muscles are weak due to injury/ damage or absence of the facial nerve where the patient is affected with immobility of the eyes and/or the lips. While only the bottom half of the face is usually paralyzed, one side of the face is sometimes completely paralyzed, and sometimes both sides of the face are paralyzed.

Bell's palsy is an inexplicable bout of facial muscle weakness or paralysis that occurs suddenly and develops over 48 hours, which is generally caused by a facial nerve injury (the 7th cranial nerve). 

This condition is particularly common in pregnant women and patients who have diabetes, influenza, a cold, or any upper respiratory infection. The exact cause of Bell's palsy is unknown, but it is understood that it is caused by inflammation of the nerve that controls facial movement, which is caused by the body's immune system.

With a prevalence of 48.9% in the general population, headache disorders are among the most prevalent of the nervous system disorders affecting people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic status, but are more common in women. 

Some headaches can be so incapacitating and detrimental to a person's quality of life that they place a tremendous financial burden on healthcare. Most of them can be treated without the help of a physician. Nearly 98% of headaches are caused by primary headache disorders like migraine, tension headache, and cluster headache. However secondary headaches are also serious and can be life threatening. 

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition in which excessive cerebrospinal fluids accumulate in the brain ventricle, leading to a rise in pressure. This results in an enlarged head size in the infant, which can be manifested with symptoms like headaches, vomiting, blurred vision, balance problems, and cognitive impairments. This neurological disorder can be congenital or acquired due to injury, infection, or tumors.

IIH (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension) is a neurological disease, causing increased pressure within the skull, which is usually unknown and can manifest in severe headaches, vision problems, ringing in the ears and neck or shoulder pain. IIH is more common in obese women during their reproductive age. Treatment options for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension include:

• Weight loss.
• Medications to reduce fluid buildup.
• Surgical procedures like shunt placement or optic nerve sheath fenestration relieve pressure and protect vision.

The illnesses of the neurological system that cause either excessive movement or abnormally sluggish movement are collectively known as movement disorders. These actions might be voluntarily performed or completely unconscious. 

The following are examples of common movement disorders:  Parkinson’s disease (neurological ailment producing unintentional or uncontrollable movements such as shaking, stiffness with difficulties of balance and coordination), Huntington's disease (congenital disease of the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain weakening the functional abilities such as movement, cognitive thinking), ataxia (muscle control problems causing uncoordinated movement). 

Sclerosis is the abnormal hardening of body tissues, generally caused due to inflammation or disease. Sclerosis is usually associated with multiple Sclerosis - an autoimmune disorder where your own immune system attacks and damages the myelin sheath surrounding the spinal cord and brain nerves. The damage disrupts the nerve signals from the brain to other parts of the body. Changed gait, loss of coordination or imbalance in balance, fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle spasms, tingling or numbness, especially in limbs.

Migraine is a complicated illness with hereditary influences that is defined by episodes of moderate to severe headache, mostly it affects only one side of the head, and is frequently accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and other symptoms. The name "migraine" is derived from the Greek word "hemikrania," which was then translated into Latin as "hemigranea," and is a common cause of disability and loss of employment. Migraine attacks can frequently last from several hours to several days. There are various triggers for migraine headache.

Myasthenia (myasthenia gravis) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune conditions affecting the neuromuscular junction (the connection between the end of a motor nerve and a muscle). Although myasthenia is largely curable, it can have severe morbidity and even mortality, but with prompt disease diagnosis and effective treatment, it can be avoided. 

The symptoms might be simply ocular (droopy eyelids, double vision, difficulty making facial expressions, problems chewing and swallowing, slurred speech, weak arms, legs or neck, shortness of breath and occasionally serious breathing difficulties) or quite severe, affecting the muscles in the limbs, and the respiratory system.

Meningitis is a brain inflammatory disease in which the membrane called the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord gets inflamed due to a viral, bacterial, or fungus infection. Bacterial meningitis is the most severe of all the forms of meningitis and can be fatal if left unmanaged. Some expected signs and symptoms manifesting the onset of meningitis are severe headache, fever, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, confusion, and sometimes a rash. As a preventive measure, there are vaccines available to prevent certain types of meningitis, particularly those caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus.

Neurogenic myopathies are primary nervous system illnesses that result in denervation of the target muscle. The probable causes range from acute traumatic injuries to chronic compression, as well as neurodegenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases.

Parkinson's disease is a senile neurological ailment that causes unintentional or uncontrollable movements such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulties with balance and coordination. The symptoms steadily increase over time, with sufferers having difficulty walking and talking. They may also have sleep issues, depression, memory problems, mental and behavioural changes, and weariness. It is caused mostly by decreased levels of dopamine - a neurotransmitter called due to the death or impairment of dopamine-generating neurons (nerve cells). 

The lack of muscular tone in a portion of the body is known as paralysis, which occurs when there is a problem in the transmission of signals between the brain and muscles. It could happen on one or both sides of the body. It may either be localized or broad, depending on the situation. Paraplegia is the medical term for paralysis of the lower body, which includes both legs. Quadriplegia is when the arms and legs are paralyzed. Most paralysis cases result from strokes or accidents such as broken necks or spinal cord damage.

The sudden onset of the sensation, which is typically painless, is described as itching, skin crawling, or tingling. Most people have, at some point in their lives, sat with their legs crossed for too long or dozed off with an arm twisted under their head and experienced momentary paraesthesia, sometimes known as "pins and needles." It takes place when a nerve is subjected to prolonged pressure. Once the pressure has been released, the sensation generally subsides. 

Chronic paraesthesia is frequently a sign of a neurological condition or severe nerve injury which may result from various disorders affecting the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis, stroke, transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes), and encephalitis.

Neuropathy is a group of disorders that impair nerve function. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves which originate from the central nervous system. Damage to the peripheral nerves that carry sensations of pain and warmth can lead to a condition known as peripheral neuropathy, which can make it difficult for a patient to realize that they have been cut or that an infection is setting in.

Disturbances of the peripheral nervous system can be manifested in a variety of diseases, such as acute ascending neuropathy (weakness, paresthesias, and hyporeflexia) and carpal tunnel syndrome (numbness in the hands from typing too much).

Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA), also called Benson’s syndrome, is a rare progressive neurodegenerative condition characterised by gradual and progressive degeneration of the cortex (outer layer) and damage to the posterior region (back) of the brain.  It occurs often in people in their mid-50s or early 60s and causes symptoms that affect visual processing, spelling, writing, and arithmetic. Most of the time, this condition can be caused by the underlying cause called Alzheimer’s disease. However, other conditions, including Lewy body disease, corticobasal degeneration and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, can show similar symptoms.

Rett syndrome is a rare genetic progressive neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs commonly in girls, rarer in boys, affecting brain development and causing severe physical and mental disability from early childhood. This condition is caused by mutations on the X chromosome on a gene called MECP2. However, not everyone with a MECP2 mutation has Rett syndrome. According to the scientists, some cases may result from partial gene deletions, mutations elsewhere in the MECP2 gene, or unidentified additional genes.

Spinal cord Injury is the impairment of the spinal cord that can be due to trauma from accidents or sports injuries and results in loss of functions like mobility and sensation. Depending on the extent of the injury, the function loss can be complete or partial. Manifestation of the loss of function differs according to the severity & location of the injury, which may include numbness, impaired bowel and bladder control, and even paralysis.

A group of hereditary diseases known as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) can harm or even kill motor neurons, which are specialized nerve cells found in the brain and spinal cord. The survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1) is the gene responsible for the most prevalent type of SMA. It can be mutated or absent. Symptoms can range from moderate to severe, depending on the type of SMA, like muscle weakness and movement problems. Adult and pediatric neurologists play a role in the management of SMA.

A group of rare, genetic neurological disorders known as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) causes a loss of balance, coordination, and muscle function. The hindbrain, which contains the cerebellum, the brain stem, the upper spinal cord, and occasionally other areas of the nervous system, degenerates or loses its structure. While there is no known cure for SCAs or a way to stop the condition from getting worse, a neurologist can manage some of the symptoms.

An abrupt, uncontrolled electrical disruption in the brain is referred to as a seizure, during which the patients’ actions, emotions, feelings, and levels of consciousness may all change. There are various types of seizures, which are generally classified as either focal or generalized, based on where and how the abnormal brain activity commences. If the cause of the seizure is uncertain, it may also be categorized as having an undetermined onset.

A brief loss of consciousness, known as syncope, is typically caused by inadequate blood supply to the brain. Hypotension (low blood pressure) is a common cause due to which the heart cannot adequately pump enough oxygen to the brain. It may be benign (not harmful) or a sign of a more serious disease that could be fatal. Dehydration, excessive perspiration, tiredness, or blood pooling in the legs because of changes in body position are among the benign reasons. 

It's important to identify the underlying causes of syncope, such as bradycardia (slow heart rate), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), or any blockages in the blood flow to the brain.

Spasticity is a medical condition characterized by an unnatural increase in muscular tone or stiffness, impairing movement/speech and associated with discomfort or pain. Spasticity is generally caused by injury to the nerve pathways regulating muscular action in the brain/spinal cord. It can be caused by multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, brain or head trauma, genetic spastic paraplegias, and metabolic illnesses. 

Spinal disorders result from a wide range of pathological processes, but symptoms and impairment are typically the result of neural component impingement and/or spinal segment instability. Surgery is performed to relieve pressure on the nerves and spinal cord and stabilize the movable bones.

A few of the spinal disorders include adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (an abnormal spine curvature appearing either in adolescence or in late childhood), adult spinal deformities (deformities of the lumbar or thoracolumbar spine in adults), ankylosing spondylitis (an inflammatory disease of in which the patient experiences a gradual fusion of the vertebrae (bones in the spine) making it less flexible and resulting in a hunched posture).

A tremor is a rhythmic and oscillatory shaking movement of a bodily part with a steady frequency. It is caused by antagonistic muscles (muscles involved in movement) contracting alternately. Tremor is the most prevalent movement disorder. It usually involves the upper limbs, but as the disease progresses, the head and voice (less typically, the legs, jaw, face, and trunk) may be involved. 

It could be due to abnormalities in the brainstem (locus coeruleus) and cerebellum. A detailed neurologic examination is necessary to identify the features of the tremor, such as distribution, pattern, and amplitude.

Vertigo is frequently presented in both outpatient settings and emergency rooms. It has been described as a sensation of motion, most commonly circular motion, and is a symptom of vestibular dysfunction (the vestibular apparatus is a group of complex organ systems in the body that is responsible for the sense of balance). Vertigo can afflict people of all ages. 

It's crucial to distinguish vertiginous symptoms from other types of dizziness, like lightheadedness, which is most frequently linked to presyncope (the swooning feeling which occurs before fainting). Problems in the middle ear are most frequently the culprit in younger people. 

Wilson disease is a hereditary illness in which the body is unable to remove excess copper, resulting in copper buildup in the brain, eyes, liver, and other organs. High copper levels, if left untreated, can lead to life-threatening organ damage. The symptoms of Wilson disease may vary depending on the problems with liver, nervous system and mental health, eyes, or other organs.